Introduction to Relational Database and SQL

Full scale SQL and Relational Database course

Learn how to create one of the most efficient ways of storing data - relational databases!

This course teaches you how to design a relational database and how to write SQL. It covers all the important SQL statements, including CREATE, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT, ALTER, and DROP, and provide some insight into entity-relationship model design. This course is based on my on-campus teaching at colleges and comes with a mid-term project and a final project. There is no prerequisite for this course.

What you’ll learn

SQL
Entity Relationship Model
Relational Database

#SQL #Database #WebDev

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Introduction to Relational Database and SQL

Cayla Erdman

1594369800

Introduction to Structured Query Language SQL pdf

SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL is a scripting language expected to store, control, and inquiry information put away in social databases. The main manifestation of SQL showed up in 1974, when a gathering in IBM built up the principal model of a social database. The primary business social database was discharged by Relational Software later turning out to be Oracle.

Models for SQL exist. In any case, the SQL that can be utilized on every last one of the major RDBMS today is in various flavors. This is because of two reasons:

1. The SQL order standard is genuinely intricate, and it isn’t handy to actualize the whole standard.

2. Every database seller needs an approach to separate its item from others.

Right now, contrasts are noted where fitting.

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Ruth Nabimanya

1621850444

List of Available Database for Current User In SQL Server

Introduction

When working in the SQL Server, we may have to check some other databases other than the current one which we are working. In that scenario we may not be sure that does we have access to those Databases?. In this article we discuss the list of databases that are available for the current logged user in SQL Server

Get the list of database

Conclusion

#sql server #available databases for current user #check database has access #list of available database #sql #sql query #sql server database #sql tips #sql tips and tricks #tips

Ruth Nabimanya

1620633584

System Databases in SQL Server

Introduction

In SSMS, we many of may noticed System Databases under the Database Folder. But how many of us knows its purpose?. In this article lets discuss about the System Databases in SQL Server.

System Database

Fig. 1 System Databases

There are five system databases, these databases are created while installing SQL Server.

Master
Model
MSDB
Tempdb
Resource

Master

This database contains all the System level Information in SQL Server. The Information in form of Meta data.
Because of this master database, we are able to access the SQL Server (On premise SQL Server)

Model

This database is used as a template for new databases.
Whenever a new database is created, initially a copy of model database is what created as new database.

MSDB

This database is where a service called SQL Server Agent stores its data.
SQL server Agent is in charge of automation, which includes entities such as jobs, schedules, and alerts.

TempDB

The Tempdb is where SQL Server stores temporary data such as work tables, sort space, row versioning information and etc.
User can create their own version of temporary tables and those are stored in Tempdb.
But this database is destroyed and recreated every time when we restart the instance of SQL Server.

Resource

The resource database is a hidden, read only database that holds the definitions of all system objects.
When we query system object in a database, they appear to reside in the sys schema of the local database, but in actually their definitions reside in the resource db.

#sql server #master system database #model system database #msdb system database #sql server system databases #ssms #system database #system databases in sql server #tempdb system database

Ruth Nabimanya

1620648300

What is SQL? And Where is it Used?

Define: SQL [pron. “sequel”] – stands for Structured Query Language (SQL), used by databases to model and manage tabular/relational datasets; a set of standardized Data Definition Language (DDL) functions to create tables, views, and define relational schema models, and Data Manipulation Language (DML) to query, insert, and modify data in the tables.

*Read-only select queries are technically part of its Data Query Language (DQL) group. Still, operationally, many refer to it as DML because it can do more than read-only queries.

Super Brief History of SQL

Who Uses SQL?

What Can a SQL Database Do?

What is a SQL Query?

Different SQL Database Platforms

SQL for JSON

Application Developers

SQL for Big Data

Introduction to Recursive CTE

This article will introduce the concept of SQL recursive. Recursive CTE is a really cool. We will see that it can often simplify our code, and avoid a cascade of SQL queries!

Why use a recursive CTE ?

The recursive queries are used to query hierarchical data. It avoids a cascade of SQL queries, you can only do one query to retrieve the hierarchical data.

What is recursive CTE ?

First, what is a CTE? A CTE (Common Table Expression) is a temporary named result set that you can reference within a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement. For example, you can use CTE when, in a query, you will use the same subquery more than once.

A recursive CTE is one having a subquery that refers to its own name!

Recursive CTE is defined in the SQL standard.

How to make a recursive CTE?

A recursive CTE has this structure:

The WITH clause must begin with “WITH RECURSIVE”
The recursive CTE subquery has two parts, separated by “UNION [ALL]” or “UNION DISTINCT”:
The first part produces the initial row(s) for the CTE. This SELECT does not refer to the CTE name.
The second part recurses by referring to the CTE name in its FROM clause.

Practice / Example

In this example, we use hierarchical data. Each row can have zero or one parent. And it parent can also have a parent etc.

Create table test (id integer, parent_id integer);

insert into test (id, parent_id) values (1, null);

insert into test (id, parent_id) values (11, 1);
insert into test (id, parent_id) values (111, 11);

insert into test (id, parent_id) values (112, 11);

insert into test (id, parent_id) values (12, 1);

insert into test (id, parent_id) values (121, 12);

For example, the row with id 111 has as ancestors: 11 and 1.

Before knowing the recursive CTE, I was doing several queries to get all the ancestors of a row.

For example, to retrieve all the ancestors of the row with id 111.

While (has parent)

	Select id, parent_id from test where id = X

With recursive CTE, we can retrieve all ancestors of a row with only one SQL query :)

WITH RECURSIVE cte_test AS (
	SELECT id, parent_id FROM test WHERE id = 111
	UNION 
	SELECT test.id, test.parent_id FROM test JOIN cte_test ON cte_test.id = test.parent_id

) SELECT * FROM cte_test

Explanations:

“WITH RECURSIVE”:

It indicates we will make recursive

“SELECT id, parent_id FROM test WHERE id = 111”:

It is the initial query.

“UNION … JOIN cte_test” :

It is the recursive expression! We make a jointure with the current CTE!

Replay this example here

#sql #database #sql-server #sql-injection #writing-sql-queries #sql-beginner-tips #better-sql-querying-tips #sql-top-story

Introduction to Relational Database and SQL