Dart vs TypeScript

Hello There,🙂

Two popular names generally emerge when choosing the right #programminglanguage for your project - #Dart vs #TypeScript.🙂

It depends on the project's goals and the factors you are dealing with when deciding whether to use Dart or TypeScript. click 👇🏻to read more in detail.

https://aglowiditsolutions.com/blog/dart-vs-typescript/

Bhai-lang: A toy Programming Language Written in Typescript

Bhai Lang

This is official repository for bhai-lang.

Bhai lang is a toy programming language written in Typescript.
 

Installation

npm i -g bhailang

Usage

Create a new file (test.bhai)

Edit the file with a text editor. You can also try out your code on Bhai Lang PlayGround

hi bhai
  bol bhai "Hello bhai";
bye bhai

Run

bhailang test.bhai

Output

hello bhai

Documentation

General

hi bhai is the entrypoint for the program and all program must end with bye bhai. Anything outside of it will be ignored.

This will be ignored

hi bhai
// Write code here
bye bhai

This too

Variables

Variables can be declared using bhai ye hai.

hi bhai
  bhai ye hai a = 10;
  bhai ye hai b = "two";
  bhai ye hai c = 15;
  a = a + 1;
  b = 21;
  c *= 2;
bye bhai

Types

Numbers and strings are like other languages. Null values can be denoted using nalla. sahi and galat are the boolean values.

hi bhai
  bhai ye hai a = 10;
  bhai ye hai b = 10 + (15*20);
  bhai ye hai c = "two";
  bhai ye hai d = 'ok';
  bhai ye hai e = nalla;
  bhai ye hai f = sahi;
  bhai ye hai g = galat;
bye bhai

Built-ins

Use bol bhai to print anything to console.

hi bhai
  bol bhai "Hello World";
  bhai ye hai a = 10;
  {
    bhai ye hai b = 20;
    bol bhai a + b;
  }
  bol bhai 5, 'ok', nalla , sahi , galat;
bye bhai

Conditionals

Bhailang supports if-else-if ladder construct , agar bhai block will execute if condition is sahi, otherwise one of the subsequently added nahi to bhai blocks will execute if their respective condition is sahi, and the warna bhai block will eventually execute if all of the above conditions are galat

hi bhai
  bhai ye hai a = 10;
  agar bhai (a < 20) {
    bol bhai "a is less than 20";
  } nahi to bhai ( a < 25 ) {
    bol bhai "a is less than 25";
  } warna bhai {
    bol bhai "a is greater than or equal to 25";
  }
bye bhai

Loops

Statements inside jab tak bhai blocks are executed as long as a specified condition evaluates to sahi. If the condition becomes galat, statement within the loop stops executing and control passes to the statement following the loop. Use bas kar bhai to break the loop and agla dekh bhai to continue within loop.

hi bhai
  bhai ye hai a = 0;
  jab tak bhai (a < 10) {
   a += 1;
   agar bhai (a == 5) {
    bol bhai "andar se bol bhai ", a;
    agla dekh bhai;
   }
   agar bhai (a == 6) {
    bas kar bhai;
   }
   bol bhai a;
  }
  bol bhai "done";
bye bhai

Development

You can explore abstract syntax tree(AST) of bhailang here.

Download Details:

Author: DulLabs
Source Code: https://github.com/DulLabs/bhai-lang 
License: MIT license

#typescript #javascript #programminglanguage 

Which Programming Language Should I Learn First?

If you’re a beginner programmer, you might be wondering which programming language you should learn first. With so many languages out there, it can be difficult to decide which one is right for you. We’ll discuss the most popular programming languages in 2023, what benefits they offer, and where to start. 

This article will discuss the most popular programming languages in 2023 and what benefits they offer. We will also give some tips on how to choose the right language for your needs. So whether you’re a beginner or an experienced programmer, read on to find out which language you should learn first!

What Is a Programming Language?

A programming language is a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output. Programming languages are used in computer programming to implement logic flows and algorithms.

Levels of programming languages

Programming languages can be categorized by level. These levels relate to the level of abstraction from the machine code that runs on a computer.

• Low-level programming language
• High-level programming language

Low-level languages

A low-level language is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer’s instruction set architecture. Low-level languages are typically used to write system software, such as operating systems and device drivers, or to access hardware devices.

Examples of low-level programming languages include machine code and assembly language.

• Machine code is a low-level language. It is the only language that can be directly executed by the computer.
• Assembly language is a low-level language. It is a human-readable form of machine code that can be more easily written and understood by programmers.

However, it is difficult for humans to read and write machine code. As a result, higher level programming languages were developed that allow humans to write code that is easier for them to read and understand.

High-level languages

A high-level language is a programming language that provides abstraction from a computer’s instruction set architecture. High-level languages are typically used to write application software, such as web applications and programs.

Examples of high-level programming languages include JavaScript, Python, C++, and Java.

While high-level languages are easier for humans to read and write, they must be translated into machine code before they can be executed by a computer. This translation is typically done by a compiler or an interpreter.

• Compilers: A compiler is a program that translates source code written in a high-level language into machine code. The machine code can be directly executed by the computer.
• Interpreters: An interpreter is a program that translates and executes source code written in a high-level language. The machine code is not directly executed by the computer.

Types of programming languages

There are many different types of programming languages. Some languages are designed for specific purposes, while others are more general-purpose.

Examples of specific-purpose programming languages include:

• SQL: SQL is a language used for managing data in databases.
• HTML: HTML is a markup language used for creating web pages.
• CSS: CSS is a style sheet language used to describe a web page’s presentation.

Examples of general-purpose programming languages include:

• C++: C++ can be used for a variety of purposes, such as system software, application software, and games.
• Java: Java is a language that can be used for web applications, mobile applications, and big data.
• Python: Python is a versatile language that can be used for things such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and web development.

What is a programming paradigm?

A programming paradigm is a way of thinking about programming. It is a conceptual model that dictates how we should write our code.

There are many different types of programming languages. Some are more versatile than others and can be used for a variety of purposes. Others are more specialized and are designed for specific tasks.

When it comes to learning a programming language, there are different types of programming paradigms that can be followed. These include:

• Logic programming
• Object-oriented programming Language
• Scripting programming languages
• Functional programming languages
• Procedural programming languages

Each type of paradigm has its own set of benefits and drawbacks. For instance, logic programming is great for solving complex problems, but can be difficult to read and understand. On the other hand, object-oriented programming languages are much easier to read and write, but may not be as powerful when it comes to solving complex problems.

While there are many different programming paradigms, most programming languages can be classified as either imperative or declarative.

• Imperative programming languages are based on the concept of commands. Commands are instructions that tell the computer what to do.
• Declarative programming languages are based on the concept of expressions. Expressions are statements that describe what should be done, but they don’t specify how it should be done.

Object-oriented programming

Object-oriented programming is a paradigm that is based on the concept of objects and their interactions. Objects are self-contained units that have data and behavior.

Object-oriented programming languages include C++, Java, and Python.

Scripting programming languages

Scripting programming languages are high-level languages that are designed for automating tasks. They are typically used to write small programs or scripts.

Scripting programming languages include Perl, PHP, and Python.

Functional programming languages

Functional programming is a paradigm that is based on the evaluation of functions. Functions are self-contained units of code that take input and produce output.

Functional programming languages include Haskell and Lisp. JavaScript can also be used as a functional programming language.

Procedural programming languages

Procedural programming focuses on the step-by-step execution of a set of instructions (procedures). Procedures are self-contained units of code that carry out a specific task.

Procedural programming languages include C and Pascal.

Logic programming

Logic programming is a type of programming language that is based on formal logic. It is typically used for artificial intelligence applications.

Programs written in a logic programming language are sets of logical statements. These statements can be used to deduce new facts or solve problems.

Logic programming languages include Prolog and LISP.

If you are not sure what type of programming you want to do, you should consider learning a scripting language. Scripting languages like JavaScript are typically easy to learn and can be used for a wide range of tasks.

How to decide which programming language to learn

To decide which programming language you want to learn first, you need to think about why you want to learn to program in the first place. Programming is so ubiquitous now that you can use your coding skills in web development, machine learning, game development, automation, and even art. 

Follow this process to decide which programming language to learn first. 

Start by answering why you want to learn to code

Are you learning for your career, to build your startup idea, to solve a problem at work, or just for fun? This is the most important step as learning is a big commitment and it’s always good to know why you’re doing it. 

Find which programming languages are in that path or field

Web developers mainly use JavaScript, Data Scientists use Python, Game Developers use Unity and C++. If it’s a problem or application you’re building for yourself, then look into the popular technologies that are in that area. Knowing this also helps narrow down which languages are available to consider – there’s not many front end developers coding with Haskell.

Acknowledge how much time you have and be realistic

This is one of the most important and often overlooked steps. Committing to a large task with only a few hours to spare each week leads to people giving up on their goals.

A rule of thumb is that your first programming language will take between 3 to 6 months to get to an intermediate skill level. Languages like Python and JavaScript have a shorter learning curve, whereas languages like C++ and Java can be more time consuming. 

Some of us have more time than others, and if you are very time poor, you might want to look at different ways to achieve your outcome. For example, if your end goal is to run your own simple website, instead of learning HTML, CSS and JavaScript, you could look at alternative approaches like building it with a no-code website builder, find a programmer friend who can help, or hiring a freelancer instead.

It is also important to consider any deadlines you have and whether you have time to learn. 

Don’t stress 

Learning your first language is more about developing your thinking processes rather than the code itself. Many languages have different ways to say the same thing, which means once you know how functions and loops work, then you’ll be able to learn how to write it in many languages much faster than you did the first time. 

What Are the Most Popular Programming Languages in 2023?

According to the 2021 Stack Overflow Developer Survey, the most popular programming technologies are:

1. JavaScript
2. HTML and CSS
3. Python
4. SQL
5. Java
6. Node.js
7. TypeScript
8. C#
9. Bash/Shell
10. C++
11. PHP
12. C
13. PowerShell
14. Go
15. Kotlin
16. Rust
17. Ruby
18. Dart
19. Assembly
20. Swift

Each of these languages has different benefits that make them well-suited for different purposes. To choose the right language for your needs, you should consider what you want to use the language for.

If you’re interested in web development, then JavaScript or PHP might be a good choice. Python might be a good choice if you’re interested in data science or machine learning. If you’re interested in game development, then C++ might be the one for you. And if you’re looking for a versatile language that can be used for a variety of applications, then C# is worth a look.

No matter what your goals are, there’s a language out there that’s perfect for you. So don’t be afraid to experiment and find the one that fits your needs.

Top Programming Languages for Web Development

Now that we’ve gone over the different types of programming languages, let’s take a look at some specific languages.

Web development is one of the most popular types of programming. If you’re a developer in 2023, chances are high that you’re a web developer.

There are a number of different languages that are commonly used for web development. In 2023, we think it’s smart to pick a first language that you can put to use in the browser, and our recommendations are informed by this philosophy.

JavaScript

JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world for web development, and it’s one of the easiest to learn. It’s also one of the few languages that can be used on both the front-end and back-end of web development. Popular frameworks like React, Vue and Node.js are written in JavaScript and it’s safe to assume that if you want to be a web developer, you will need to use JavaScript eventually. 

If you already know that you want your focus to be web development in 2023, JavaScript should be your first language.

Pros of JavaScript

• It’s popular, so there are a lot of resources and community support.
• It’s easy to learn for beginners.
• It can be used on both the front-end and back-end of web development.
• It’s perfect for someone who wants to be a front end developer as popular frameworks like React, Vue, and Svelte use JavaScript. 

Cons of JavaScript

• It’s not always easy to debug code because it’s not a compiled language.
• The syntax can be confusing to interpret at first (compared to languages like Python that are designed to look more like natural languages).

Python

Python is another language that’s used for web development and it’s a heavyweight like JavaScript in terms of popularity. In fact, it is the most widely used programming language in the world. It’s a versatile scripting language that can be used for a wide range of tasks, from web development, automating tasks, and machine learning. 

Despite its popularity, Python is not as prevalent as JavaScript in the web development scene. Your web browser cannot run Python code like it can with JavaScript. PyScript is trying to change that, but for now if you want to build a front end web application or website, you may have to stick to JavaScript. 

Python is an extremely powerful language for creating APIs, backend services, data engineering and other aspects of web development. We still highly recommend this as a programming language for anyone to learn. 

Python is a great language to learn if you’re interested in pursuing a career in web development or data science.

Pros of Python:

• It has a clear and concise syntax.
• It’s easy to learn for beginners.
• It has a wide range of applications.

Cons of Python:

• It’s not as fast as some other languages.
• It has a limited number of web development frameworks.

Where to start: 

• The Python team has compiled a great list of Python learning resources with many free options. 
• Start your Journey on SitePoint with Python Apprentice, Journeyman and Master. 

PHP

PHP is a popular scripting language that is used for web development. It’s a great language to learn if you’re interested in creating dynamic web applications.

It is used by 77.6% of all websites with a known server-side programming language. PHP is often used in content management systems (CMS) like WordPress and Drupal, and large sites likes Facebook and Wikipedia still use it for their back end. 

Although it remains popular, PHP is not often the language of choice for new projects and tech stacks. Learning PHP will provide you with great knowledge of a proven language and the job security knowing that it won’t be going away any time soon. 

Pros of PHP:

• It’s used in popular content management systems (CMS) like WordPress and Drupal, leading to stable ongoing demand.
• It’s versatile and can be used for web development, scripting, and more.
• It’s relatively easy to learn.

Cons of PHP:

• No longer as popular as some other languages for web development.
• Some people find the syntax confusing.

Where to start: 

• PHP & MySQL: Novice to Ninja is the perfect guide for aspiring web developers. With this hands-on guide, you’ll learn how to install and configure PHP and MySQL, create database schemas, and write object-oriented code. You’ll also learn how to control access to your data and publish it on the web. When you’re finished, you’ll have the skills you need to build powerful server-side applications.

Ruby

Ruby is another versatile language that can be used for web development. It’s known for being a relatively easy language to learn, and it’s used in popular frameworks like Ruby on Rails.

Ruby is a great choice for beginners because it has a very readable syntax. It’s also popular in the startup community.

Pros of Ruby:

• The syntax is very readable and concise.
• It’s used in popular frameworks like Ruby on Rails.
• It’s popular in the startup community.

Cons of Ruby:

• Some people find it difficult to learn.
• Not as popular as some other languages.
• There are relatively few resources compared to other languages.

Swift

Swift is a newer language that was created by Apple. It’s a powerful and fast language that can be used for web development, mobile app development, and more.

Swift is a great choice if you’re interested in creating iOS or macOS apps.

Pros of Swift:

• It’s a powerful and fast language.
• It’s easy to learn and read.
• It can be used for web development, mobile app development, and more.

Cons of Swift:

• Not as many resources available as some other languages.
• You need a Mac to develop iOS apps.

Kotlin

Kotlin is a newer language that was created by JetBrains. It’s a versatile language that can be used for web development, Android development, and more.

Kotlin is a great choice if you’re interested in creating cross-platform applications.

Pros of Kotlin:

• It’s a concise and expressive language.
• It’s compatible with Java.
• It has great tooling support.

Cons of Kotlin:

• It’s a newer language, so there’s not as much documentation available.
• You may have to learn some Java to use Kotlin effectively.
• Kotlin is a great choice for those who are interested in creating cross-platform applications.

Go

Go is a language that was created by Google. If you’re looking for a fast and powerful language that is versatile, go with Go. It might be a little more difficult to learn than some other languages, but it will be worth it in the end.

Go is a great choice if you’re interested in creating scalable applications.

Pros of Go:

• It’s fast and powerful
• Go is great for multiple purposes, like web development and distributed systems
• It’s great for scalable web applications

Cons of Go:

• It can be difficult to learn if you’re coming from a different programming language
• A relatively new language, so there’s not as much documentation available.

Java

Java is a versatile language that can be used for web development, Android development, and more.

Java is a great choice if you’re interested in creating cross-platform applications.

Pros of Java:

• It’s a versatile multi-purpose language.
• Java is great for creating cross-platform applications.

Cons of Java:

• Java can be a bit verbose.
• Not as popular for web development as it once was.
• It can be slower than other languages.
• Java can be difficult to learn for beginners.

C#

C# is a Microsoft language that is often used for web development, desktop applications, and more.

C# is a great choice if you’re interested in creating Windows applications or games.

Pros of C#:

• It’s fairly easy to learn.
• C# is a versatile language that can be used for a variety of applications.
• It has great tools and resources available

Cons of C#

• It can be more difficult to learn than the popular beginner-friendly languages.
• The C# community is a bit small compared to others.

The Best Programming Language to Learn First

What language should I learn first? We recommend starting with JavaScript or Python, depending on your needs. 

• For Web Development: JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world and it’s versatile enough to be used for a wide range of applications. It’s a great choice for beginners because it’s easy to learn and plenty of resources are available.
• For Everything else: Python is a versatile scripting language that can be used for a wide range of tasks. It has a clean syntax and is renowned for being easy to learn and read. It is very popular and Python skills are in high demand.

If you intend to do any web development, you will be using JavaScript at some stage (probably soon). It’s a very safe bet in terms of approachability, demand, and practicality.

If you are starting from scratch and still figuring out what you’ll focus on in development, the best programming language to learn first is Python. PHP, Java, and C# are all great languages with a lot to offer. However, if you want the most bang for your buck, learning Python will give you the ability to tackle the widest range of problems and projects.

What’s the Best Way to Get Started with JavaScript?

JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world for good reason. It’s versatile, easy to learn, and there are plenty of resources available. If you’re just getting started in development, JavaScript is a great choice.

There are so many resources available to someone trying to learn JavaScript in 2023 that it’s no longer a problem of finding content, it’s now a problem of finding the best content for you.

We recommend starting with a free course to cover the basics and to decide whether JavaScript is right for you. Each person learns in different ways however we believe that taking the linear course approach helps you learn the fundamentals and move onto your own projects as quickly as possible. This is also how you avoid getting stuck in tutorial hell, where you may spend more time copying and pasting code instead of learning and experimenting with your own. 

Our Free JavaScript Course Recommendations: 

1. Learn to Code with JavaScript: Yes it’s ours but we’re proud of it. Learn to Code with JavaScript is the perfect place to start on your coding journey. Not only does it teach you JavaScript but it also guides you through the fundamentals of programming and how you can apply these lessons to whatever languages you learn next. 
2. MDN JavaScript First Steps: The Mozilla Developer Network maintains the indispensable documentation of JavaScript and other language references. This very short intro will give you an overview of the language and a great explanation. Short and simple. 
3. The Odin Project – Full Stack JavaScript: This one is more comprehensive than the above  as it includes HTML and Node.js. It’s perfect for those of you who want to become Full Stack web developers, but expect 

There are millions of JavaScript courses and guides to choose from. Finding the best resource for you will depend on your preferred learning style. Some people learn better with video, some with text. Meanwhile others like to start with a practical project and others like to start with the theory. If these options aren’t for you, freeCodeCamp has compiled a list of other free JavaScript courses for beginners and projects that might be more appealing. 

Next Steps

Once you have a basic understanding of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, you can start building projects and getting involved in the development community.

There’s plenty to explore in the JavaScript world, and you can browse our JavaScript books and courses and JavaScript articles to get an idea of what’s next.

When you’re ready to take your skills to the next level, you can round out your back-end skills with a language like Python or PHP. These languages will allow you to build a wide range of applications — these resources will give you a solid foundation:

• PHP & MySQL: Novice to Ninja
• The Python Apprentice

Check out more PHP books and courses and more Python titles in the library. You can also check out our PHP articles and Python articles.

Get Started with Coding

To get started with programming, it’s important to find resources that fit your learning style.

• If you’re a visual learner, look for tutorials and text-based resources that include pictures and diagrams.
• If you’re an auditory learner, look for podcasts or video tutorials.
• If you’re a hands-on learner, look for resources that let you practice coding in your browser.

If you’re still not sure where to start, check out our beginner’s guide to web development. It covers all the basics and will help you get started on your journey to becoming a developer.

Once you’ve found resources that work for you, the best way to learn to program is to dive in and start coding. Don’t be afraid to make mistakes—everyone makes them! The important thing is that you learn from your mistakes and keep practicing.

Connecting with a Development Community

As you’re learning, it’s also important to find a community of other programmers to connect with. You can find online communities for almost any programming language, and these communities can be a great source of support and encouragement.

SitePoint offers communities in the form of our forum and our Discord server. Join whichever suits your preferences (or both!) and start meeting other programmers from all over the world.

When you’re just getting started, it’s normal to feel overwhelmed by the sheer amount of information out there. But don’t worry—you don’t need to learn everything at once. Just focus on one thing at a time, and you’ll be surprised at how quickly you progress.

Don’t Get Discouraged When Debugging Gets Dire

No matter which language you choose to learn first, the most important thing is that you enjoy the process and don’t get too discouraged. The best way to learn a programming language is by writing code. Learning to code is a challenge, but it’s also incredibly rewarding. So get out there and start learning!

Which programming language do you want to learn first in 2023? Let us know over on the forums. Happy coding!

Original article source at: https://www.sitepoint.com/

#programminglanguage 

The Top Programming Language for AI

If you’re interested in pursuing a career in artificial intelligence (AI), you’ll need to know how to code. But where do you start? What is the best programming language for AI? And what platforms should you begin with? This article will provide you with a high-level overview of the best programming languages and platforms for AI, as well as their key features.

As it turns out, there’s only a small number of programming languages for AI that are commonly used.

What Is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial intelligence is one of the most fascinating and rapidly growing fields in computer science. It’s already transforming the world around us as we speak. And it’s as hot a job market as you can get (see Gartner forecasts).

AI aims to create intelligent computer systems. It’s essentially the process of making a computer system that can learn and work on its own.

Machine learning (ML), on the other hand, deals with the methods and techniques used so that a computer system can “learn” how to perform certain tasks and even predict certain outcomes, without being explicitly programmed for it.

A (Very) Brief History of AI

The term “artificial intelligence” was first coined in 1956 by computer scientist John McCarthy, when the field of artificial intelligence research was founded as an academic discipline. In the years since, AI has experienced several waves of optimism, followed by disappointment and the loss of funding (known as an “AI winter”), followed by new approaches, success and renewed funding.

For most of its history, AI research has been divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. These sub-fields are based on technical considerations, such as particular goals, application domains (such as medicine and robotics), and/or particular implementation approaches (such as symbolic computation and connectionism).

The traditional problems (or goals) of AI research include:

• reasoning
• knowledge representation
• planning
• learning
• natural language processing
• perception (computer vision)
• moving and manipulating objects (robotics)

Today’s and Tomorrow’s AI

Today, AI is used in a variety of ways, from powering virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to more complex applications like self-driving cars and predictive analytics.

In the foreseeable future, artificial general intelligence (AGI, also called strong AI, full AI, or general intelligent action) is still among the field’s long-term goals — with common approaches including statistical methods, computational intelligence, and traditional symbolic AI.

Best Programming Languages for AI Development

Here are the most popular languages used in AI development, along with their key features.

Python

Python is the most popular programming language for AI, it’s one of the hottest languages going around, and it’s also easy to learn!

Python is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language with dynamic semantics. Its high-level, built-in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for rapid application development (RAD), as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing components together.

Key features of Python:

• It has simple, easy-to-learn syntax that emphasizes readability (and therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance).
• It supports modules and packages (which encourages program modularity and code reuse).
• It has an extensive standard library (available in source or binary form without charge for all major platforms).

What makes Python good for AI:

• It has a rich set of libraries for data analysis and manipulation, such as Pandas, making it easy to work with the data.
• It has a number of libraries specifically for machine learning, such as TensorFlow and Keras.
• It has solid scientific and computation libraries, such as scikit-learn and NumPy.
• It can even be used to program microcontrollers with projects like MicroPython, CircuitPython, and Raspberry Pi.

If you’re starting with Python, it’s worth checking out the book The Python Apprentice, by Austin Bingham and Robert Smallshire, as well as other the Python books and courses on SitePoint.

R

R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics that’s supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing.

The R language is something of a lingua franca among statisticians, as it’s widely used in official statistics (see uRos2020 and uRos2022), but also on data mining and for developing statistical software and data analysis. Polls, surveys of data miners, and studies of scholarly literature databases show that R has an active user base of about two million people worldwide.

Key features of R:

• It has an integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation, and graphical display.
• It has an effective data handling and storage facility, providing a wide variety of operators for calculations on arrays, lists, vectors and matrices.
• It offers extensive graphical facilities for data analysis and display, either directly at the computer or on hardcopy devices — including interactive web-based interfaces such as Shiny.
• It’s a well-developed, simple and consistent programming language that includes conditionals, loops, user-defined recursive functions, and input/output facilities (including connections to relational databases).

What makes R good for AI:

• It’s designed specifically with statisticians in mind (unlike Python, which was designed as a general-purpose language).
• It has many features that are useful for AI development, such as linear and nonlinear modeling, time series analysis, classification, and clustering.

Julia

Julia is a relatively new (launched in 2012), high-level, high-performance dynamic programming language for technical computing, with syntax that’s familiar to users of other technical computing environments.

Key features of Julia:

• It’s designed for high-performance numerical and scientific computing.
• Its easy to use and learn.
• It can call C and Fortran libraries directly (there’s no need to write wrappers or interface code).
• It can be used for parallel and distributed computing.
• It comes with an extensive standard library, including differential equations, optimization, and machine learning.

What makes Julia good for AI:

• In addition to being fast, Julia is also very flexible (which makes it easy to experiment with different models quickly).
• It has a number of well-developed machine learning libraries, such as Flux, MLJ, and KNet.

C++ and C

C++ is a general-purpose programming language with a bias towards systems programming, and was designed with portability, efficiency and flexibility of use in mind. The main competitor to C++ is Microsoft’s C#, which is very similar in syntax but offers some additional features and benefits like a more managed memory model as well as LINQ (Language Integrated Query) support out of the box, amongst other things.

C++ has also been found useful in widespread domains such as computer graphics, image processing, and scientific computing. Similarly, C# has been used to develop 3D and 2D games, as well as industrial applications.

Key features of C++ and C#:

• They’re both object oriented, supporting data abstraction using classes, objects and inheritance.
• C++ is a compiled language, meaning that it’s converted directly into machine code that can be run on a computer. C# is a managed language and runs on top of a virtual machine, which makes it portable across different platforms.
• C++ offers more control over memory management than C#, but this also means there’s more room for error.

What makes C++ and C# good for AI:

• Both languages are widely used in game development, and many games make use of AI.
• They’re both high-performance, due to being compiled languages and offering low-level control when necessary.
• C# has a wide range of available libraries and tooling support from Visual Studio.

Java

Java is a versatile and powerful programming language that enables developers to create robust, high-performance applications.

Key features of Java:

• It’s object-oriented (supporting encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism).
• It’s platform-independent (bytecode can run on any platform that has a Java Virtual Machine).
• It’s statically typed (ensures type safety at compile time).
• It has a large standard library.
• It supports exception handling (which helps to manage errors and exceptional conditions gracefully) and multi-threading (which enables concurrent execution of multiple parts of a program).

What makes Java good for AI:

• It’s fast, reliable, and has great tooling support (making it easy to develop complex AI applications quickly and efficiently).
• It’s used in many mission-critical applications, so it’s battle-tested.
• It can be used for both desktop and mobile apps (using the Android Studio).

Honorary Mentions: Lisp and Prolog

Lisp and Prolog are not as widely used as the languages mentioned above, but they’re still worth mentioning.

Lisp (also introduced by John McCarthy in 1958) is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, parenthesis-based syntax. It was originally created for artificial intelligence research. Today, Lisp is used in a variety of applications, including scripting and system administration.

Prolog (general core, modules) is a logic programming language from the early ’70s that’s particularly well suited for artificial intelligence applications. Its declarative nature makes it easy to express complex relationships between data. Prolog is also used for natural language processing and knowledge representation.

Programming Languages to Avoid in AI Development

These are languages that, while they may have their place, don’t really have much to offer the world of AI.

• COBOL is an old language that was created in the 1950s and 1960s. It was designed for business applications and isn’t really suited for anything else.
• FORTRAN is another old language, dating back to 1957. It was designed for scientific and engineering applications and, like COBOL, isn’t really suitable for anything else.
• Pascal is a language that was created in the 1970s and isn’t really used much anymore outside of academia.
• Basic is a language that was designed for beginners and has been largely superseded by other languages such as Python.

That said, you might think that a completely left-of-field language such as JavaScript — which is primarily used for web development — also wouldn’t have much to offer to AI, right? And yet, there are quite interesting active projects — such as TensorFlow.js (backed by Google) — for developing machine-learning models in JavaScript, which can be used directly in the browser or in Node.js. So, who knew?!

FAQs

Now, for the sake of quick informative bites, I’m going to provide a quick set of opinionated answers.

Is C++ better than Python for AI?

No, C++ is not better than Python for AI. In fact, Python is generally considered to be the best programming language for AI. However, C++ can be used for AI development if you need to code in a low-level language or develop high-performance routines.

Is Java or C++ better for AI?

While Python is still preferred across the board, both Java and C++ can have an edge in some use cases and scenarios. For example, C++ could be used to code high-performance routines, and Java could be used for more production-grade software development.

What do the best languages for AI development have in common?

The best programming languages for AI development have a few things in common:

• They’re all high-level languages, which means they’re easy to learn and code in.
• They all have large ecosystems of libraries and frameworks that you can use for AI development.
• They’re all widely used in the AI community, so you’ll be able to find plenty of resources and help online.

What programming language do games use for AI?

Okay, here’s where C++ can shine, as most games use C++ for AI development. That’s because it’s a fast language that can be used to code high-performance applications. However, there are also games that use other languages for AI development, such as Java.

Where should I start if I want to get into AI programming?

If you’re just starting out, I recommend that you begin with Python. It’s the most popular language for AI development and it’s fairly easy to learn. Once you’ve learned Python, you can move on to other languages if you need to.

Check out the complementary article 5 Ways to Get Started with Machine Learning!

Also look at these books:

• Data Science: An Introduction, by Mona Khalil et al.
• Becoming a Data Head: How to Think, Speak, and Understand Data Science, Statistics, and Machine Learning, by Alex J. Gutman and Jordan Goldmeier

Conclusion

AI is here; it’s already happened. And as it’s transforming the way we live and is changing the way we interact with the world and each other, it’s also creating new opportunities for businesses and individuals.

As with everything in IT, there’s no magic bullet or one-size-fits-all solution. When choosing a programming language for AI, you’ll have to test the water, possibly switching languages depending on factors such as the task at hand, the platform you and your team are using, and your own preferences and expertise.

That being said, Python is generally considered to be the best programming language for AI development, thanks to its ease of use, vast libraries, and active community. R is also a good choice for AI development, particularly if you’re looking to develop statistical models. Julia is a newer language that’s gaining popularity for its speed and efficiency. And if you’re looking to develop low-level systems or applications with tight performance constraints, then C++ or C# may be your best bet.

Original article source at: https://www.sitepoint.com/

#ai #programminglanguage #python #r 

What is Python Programming language?

What Is Python Programming language | Headstart With Python Basics

Python Programming Language is a high-level and interpreted programming language which was created by Guido Van Rossum in 1989 and released in 1991. 

What is Python programming language used for?

Python being a great general purpose and high level language, can be used to create Desktop GUI applications, web applications and web frameworks.

Is Python also a scripting language?

Python is both a scripting language and programming language. A scripting language works on the basis of automating a repeated task such as the execution of a procedure or program.

For those of you familiar with Java or C++, Python will break the mold you have built for a typical programming language. Prepare to fall in love, with Python!

In this blog, we will learn Python Programming language in the following sequence:

1. Why Learn Python Programming?
2. Python Installation
3. Python Fundamentals
   3.1 Datatypes
   3.2 Flow Control
   3.3 Functions
4.  File Handling
5. Object & Class

Why Learn Python Programming?

Python is a high-level dynamic programming language. It is quite easy to learn and provides powerful typing. Python code has a very ‘natural’ style to it, in that it is easy to read and understand (thanks to the lack of semicolons and braces). Python programming language runs on any platform, ranging from Windows to Linux to Macintosh, Solaris etc.

Is Python free to use?

Yes. Python is an open-source programming language that is freely available for everyone. It is also backed by a growing ecosystem of open-source packages and libraries. Anybody interested to work on Python can download and install it for free, from there official website: https://www.python.org/

Is it easy to learn Python?

Python is an easy language to learn and it should ideally be your first programming language because you will quickly learn how to think like a programmer. The simplicity of Python is what it makes so popular. The following gives a highlight of its aesthetics:

• Highly readable language
• Clean visual layout
• Less syntactic exceptions
• Superior string manipulation
• Elegant and dynamic typing
• Interpreted nature
• Ideal for scripting and rapid application
• Fit for many platforms

Wait! Python can do more.

It is a very popular language in multiple domains like Automation, Big Data, AI etc. You can refer to this entire blog on top 10 reasons to learn python.
You will also be impressed as it used by the vast multitude of companies around the globe.

You may go through the webinar recording of Python Programming Language where our Python training expert has explained the topics in a detailed manner with examples that will help you to understand Python Programming language better.

Learn Python Programming | Python for Beginners | Edureka

This Edureka “Python Programming” video will introduce you to various Python fundamentals along with a practical demonstrating the various libraries such as Numpy, Pandas, Matplotlib and Seaborn.

Python Installation

Let us now move on to installing Python on a Windows systems. 

1. Go to the the link: https://www.python.org/downloads/ and install the latest version on your machines.

Figure: Downloading Python Programming Language

 2. Download and install PyCharm IDE.

Figure: Downloading PyCharm

PyCharm is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) used in computer programming, specifically for the Python programming language. It provides code analysis, a graphical debugger, an integrated unit tester, integration with version control systems (VCSes), and supports web development with Django.

Python Fundamentals

The following are the five fundamentals required to master Python:

1. Datatypes
2. Flow Control
3. Functions
4. File Handling
5. Object & Class

Figure: Python Programming Language- Fundamentals

Datatypes

All data values in Python are represented by objects and each object or value has a datatype.

Figure: Python Programming Language – Datatype Features

There are eight native datatypes in Python.

1. Boolean
2. Numbers
3. Strings
4. Bytes & Byte Arrays
5. Lists
6. Tuples
7. Sets
8. Dictionaries

The following image will give a description for the same.

Figure: Python Programming Language – Native Datatypes

Let us look at how to implement these data types in Python.

#Boolean
number = [1,2,3,4,5]
boolean = 3 in number
print(boolean)
 
#Numbers
num1 = 5**3
num2 = 32//3
num3 = 32/3
print('num1 is',num1)
print('num2 is',num2)
print('num3 is',num3)
 
#Strings
str1 = "Welcome"
str2 = " to Edureka's Python Programming Blog"
str3 = str1 + str2
print('str3 is',str3)
print(str3[0:10])
print(str3[-5:])
print(str3[:-5])
 
#Lists
countries = ['India', 'Australia', 'United States', 'Canada', 'Singapore']
print(len(countries))
print(countries)
countries.append('Brazil')
print(countries)
countries.insert(2, 'United Kingdom')
print(countries)
 
#Tuples
sports_tuple = ('Cricket', 'Basketball', 'Football')
sports_list = list(sports_tuple)
sports_list.append('Baseball')
print(sports_list)
print(sports_tuple)
 
#Dictionary
#Indian Government
Government = {'Legislature':'Parliament', 'Executive':'PM & Cabinet', 'Judiciary':'Supreme Court'}
print('Indian Government has ',Government)
#Modifying for USA
Government['Legislature']='Congress'
Government['Executive']='President & Cabinet'
print('USA Government has ',Government)

The output of the above code is as follows:

True

num1 is 125
num2 is 10
num3 is 10.666666666666666

str3 is Welcome to Edureka's Python Programming Blog
Welcome to
 Blog
Welcome to Edureka's Python Programming

5
['India', 'Australia', 'United States', 'Canada', 'Singapore']
['India', 'Australia', 'United States', 'Canada', 'Singapore', 'Brazil']
['India', 'Australia', 'United Kingdom', 'United States', 'Canada', 'Singapore', 'Brazil']

['Cricket', 'Basketball', 'Football', 'Baseball']
('Cricket', 'Basketball', 'Football')

Indian Government has {'Legislature': 'Parliament', 'Judiciary': 'Supreme Court', 'Executive': 'PM & Cabinet'}
USA Government has {'Legislature': 'Congress', 'Judiciary': 'Supreme Court', 'Executive': 'President & Cabinet'}

Flow Control

Flow Control lets us define a flow in executing our programs. To mimic the real world, you need to transform real world situations into your program. For this you need to control the execution of your program statements using Flow Controls.

Figure: Python Programming Language- Flow Control

There are six basic flow controls used in Python programming:

1. if
2. for
3. while
4. break
5. continue
6. pass

If Statement

The Python compound statement ’if’ lets you conditionally execute blocks of statements.

Syntax of If statement:

if expression:
     statement (s)
elif expression:
     statement (s)
elif expression:
     statement (s)
...
else:
     statement (s)

Figure: Python Programming Language – If – Facebook Login Example

The above image explains the use of ‘if’ statement using an example of Facebook login.

1. Facebook login page will direct you to two pages based on whether your username and password is a match to your account.
2. If the password entered is wrong, it will direct you to the page on the left.
3. If the password entered is correct, you will be directed to your homepage.

Let us now look at how Facebook would use the If statement.

password = facebook_hash(input_password)
if password == hash_password
   print('Login successful.')
else
   print('Login failed. Incorrect password.')

The above code just gives a high level implementation of If statement in the Facebook login example used. Facebook_hash() function takes the input_password as a parameter and compares it with the hash value stored for that particular user.

For Statement

The for statement supports repeated execution of a statement or block of statements that is controlled by an iterable expression.

Syntax of For statement:

for target in iterable:
     statement (s)

Figure: Python Programming Language- For – Facebook Friends Example

The ‘for’ statement can be understood from the above example.

• Listing ‘Friends’ from your profile will display the names and photos of all of your friends
• To achieve this, Facebook gets your ‘friendlist’ list containing all the profiles of your friends
• Facebook then starts displaying the HTML of all the profiles till the list index reaches ‘NULL’
• The action of populating all the profiles onto your page is controlled by ‘for’ statement

Let us now look at a sample program in Python to demonstrate the For statement.

travelling = input("Are you travelling? Yes or No:")
while travelling == 'yes':
   num = int(input("Enter the number of people travelling:"))
   for num in range(1,num+1):
      name = input("Enter Details 
 Name:")
      age = input("Age:")
      sex = input("Male or Female:")
      print("Details Stored 
",name)
      print(age)
      print(sex)
   print("Thank you!")
   travelling = input("Are you travelling? Yes or No:")
print("Please come back again.")

The output is as below:

Are you travelling? Yes or No:Yes
Enter the number of people travelling:1
Enter Details 
Name:Harry
Age:20
Male or Female:Male
Details Stored
Harry
20
Male
Thank you
Are you travelling? Yes or No:No
Please come back again.

While Statement

The while statement in Python programming supports repeated execution of a statement or block of statements that is controlled by a conditional expression.

Syntax of While statement:

while expression:
     statement (s)

Figure: Python Programming Language – While – Facebook Newsfeed Example

We will use the above Facebook Newsfeed to understand the use of while loop. 

• When we login to our homepage on Facebook, we have about 10 stories loaded on our newsfeed
• As soon as we reach the end of the page, Facebook loads another 10 stories onto our newsfeed
• This demonstrates how ‘while’ loop can be used to achieve this

Let us now look at a sample program in Python to demonstrate the While statement.

count = 0
print('Printing numbers from 0 to 9')
while (count<10):
   print('The count is ',count)
   count = count+1
print('Good Bye')

This program prints numbers from 0 to 9 using the while statement to restrict the loop till it reaches 9. The output is as below:

The count is 0
The count is 1
The count is 2
The count is 3
The count is 4
The count is 5
The count is 6
The count is 7
The count is 8
The count is 9

Break Statement

The break statement is allowed only inside a loop body. When break executes, the loop terminates. If a loop is nested inside other loops, break terminates only the innermost nested loop.

Syntax of Break statement:

while True:
     x = get_next()
     y = preprocess(x)
     if not keep_looking(x, y): break
     process(x, y)

Figure: Python Programming Language- Break – Alarm And Incoming Call

The ‘break’ flow control statement can be understood from the above example.

• Let us consider the case of an alarm on a mobile ringing at a particular time.
• Suppose the phone gets an incoming call in the time the alarm is ringing, the alarm is stopped immediately and the phone ringer starts ringing.
• This is how break essentially works.

Let us now look at a sample program in Python to demonstrate the Break statement.

for letter in 'The Quick Brown Fox. Jumps, Over The Lazy Dog':
   if letter == '.':
      break
   print ('Current Letter :', letter)

This program prints all the letters in a given string. It breaks whenever it encounters a ‘.’ or a full stop. We have done this by using Break statement. The output is as below.

Current Letter : T
Current Letter : h
Current Letter : e
Current Letter : 
Current Letter : Q
Current Letter : u
Current Letter : i
Current Letter : c
Current Letter : k
Current Letter : 
Current Letter : B
Current Letter : r
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : w
Current Letter : n
Current Letter : 
Current Letter : F
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : x

Continue Statement

The continue statement is allowed only inside a loop body. When continue executes, the current iteration of the loop body terminates, and execution continues with the next iteration of the loop.

Syntax of Continue statement:

for x in some_container:
    if not seems_ok(x): continue
    lowbound, highbound = bounds_to_test()
    if x<lowbound or x>=highbound: continue
    if final_check(x):
        do_processing(x)

Figure: Python Programming Language – Continue – Incoming Call And Alarm Example

Example: The Continue statement can be understood using incoming call and an alarm.

• Suppose we are on a call and the alarm is scheduled during the call time, then the alarm trigger recognizes the call event
• Once the call event is noted, the phone continues the alarm to ring at the next snooze period

Let us now look at a sample program in Python to demonstrate the Continue statement.

for num in range(10, 21):
   if num % 5 == 0:
      print ("Found a multiple of 5")
      pass
      num = num + 1
      continue
   print ("Found number: ", num)

This program prints all the numbers except the multiples of 5 from 10 to 20. The output is as follows.

Found a multiple of 5
Found number: 11
Found number: 12
Found number: 13
Found number: 14
Found a multiple of 5
Found number: 16
Found number: 17
Found number: 18
Found number: 19
Found a multiple of 5

Pass Statement

The pass statement, which performs no action, can be used as a placeholder when a statement is syntactically required but you have nothing specific to do.

Syntax of Pass statement:

if condition1(x):
    process1(x)
elif x>23 or condition2(x) and x<5:
    pass
elif condition3(x):
    process3(x)
else:
    process_default(x)

Now let us look at a sample program in Python to demonstrate the Pass statement.

for num in range(10, 21):
   if num % 5 == 0:
      print ("Found a multiple of 5: ")
      pass
      num++
   print ("Found number: ", num)

This program prints the multiples of 5 with a separate sentence. The output is as follows.

Found a multiple of 5: 10
Found number: 11
Found number: 12
Found number: 13
Found number: 14
Found a multiple of 5: 15
Found number: 16
Found number: 17
Found number: 18
Found number: 19
Found a multiple of 5: 20

After learning the above six flow control statements, let us now learn what functions are.

Functions

Functions in Python programming, is a group of related statements that performs a specific task. Functions make our program more organized and help in code re-usability.

Figure: Python Programming Language – Understanding Functions

Uses Of Functions:

1. Functions help in code reusability
2. Functions provide organization to the code
3. Functions provide abstraction
4. Functions help in extensibility

Figure: Python Programming Language – Demonstrating The Uses Of Functions

The code used in the above example is as below:

# Defining a function to reverse a string
 
def reverse_a_string():
    # Reading input from console
    a_string = input("Enter a string")
    new_strings = []
 
    # Storing length of input string
    index = len(a_string)
 
    # Reversing the string using while loop
    while index:
        index -= 1
        new_strings.append(a_string[index])
 
    #Printing the reversed string
    print(''.join(new_strings))
 
reverse_a_string()

We have thus shown the power of using functions in Python.

File Handling

File Handling refers to those operations that are used to read or write a file.

To perform file handling, we need to perform these steps:

1. Open File
2. Read / Write File
3. Close File

Figure: Python Programming Language- File Handling In Python

Opening A File

• Python has a built-in function open() to open a file
• This function returns a file object, also called a handle, as it is used to read or modify the file accordingly

Example program:

file = open("C:/Users/Edureka/Hello.txt", "r")
for line in file:
   print (line)

The output is as below:

One Two Three

Writing To A File

• In order to write into a file we need to open it in write ‘w’, append ‘a’ or exclusive creation ‘x’ mode
• We need to be careful with the ‘w’ mode as it will overwrite into the file if it already exists. All previous data are erased
• Writing a string or sequence of bytes (for binary files) is done using write() method

Example program:

with open("C:/Users/Edureka/Writing_Into_File.txt", "w") as f
f.write("First Line
")
f.write("Second Line
")
 
file = open("D:/Writing_Into_File.txt", "r")
for line in file:
   print (line) 

The output is as below:

First Line Second Line

Reading From A File

• To read the content of a file, we must open the file in the reading mode
• We can use the read(size) method to read in size number of data
• If size parameter is not specified, it reads and returns up to the end of the file

Example program:

file = open("C:/Users/Edureka/Writing_Into_File.txt", "r")
print(file.read(5))
print(file.read(4))
print(file.read())

The output is as below:

First Line Second Line

Closing A File

• When we are done with operations to the file, we need to properly close it.
• Closing a file will free up the resources that were tied with the file and is done using the close() method.

Example program:

file = open("C:/Users/Edureka/Hello.txt", "r")
text = file.readlines()
print(text)
file.close()

The output is as below:

['One
', 'Two
', 'Three']

Object & Class

Python is an object oriented programming language. Object is simply a collection of data (variables) and methods (functions) that act on those data. Class is a blueprint for the object.

Defining A Class

We define a class using the keyword “Class”. The first string is called docstring and has a brief description about the class.

class MyNewClass:
'''This is a docstring. I have created a new class'''
pass

Creating An Object

A Class object can be used to create new object instances (instantiation) of that class. The procedure to create an object is similar to a function call.

ob = MyNewClass

We have thus learnt how to create an object from a given class.

So this concludes our Python Programming blog. I hope you enjoyed reading this blog and found it informative. By now, you must have acquired a sound understanding of what Python Programming Language is. Now go ahead and practice all the examples.

Got a question for us? Please mention it in the comments section of “Python Programming Language” blog and we will get back to you at the earliest.

To get in-depth knowledge on Python Programming language along with its various applications, you can enroll now for the best Python course online training with 24/7 support and lifetime access.

Original article source at: https://www.edureka.co/

#python #programminglanguage 

TypeScript VS JavaScript:- Checkout the Difference

Nowadays, companies use #websites extensively. All websites get rich, dynamic content using #javascript, the most popular #programminglanguage. However, #typescript can be considered a modern, enhanced version of JavaScript due to its growing popularity.

Read more to know the fundamental differences between TypeScript and JavaScript, as well as the syntax, features, and some relevant memes for both languages. Click 👇

https://aglowiditsolutions.com/blog/typescript-vs-javascript/

Imba: The Friendly Full-stack Language

Imba

Imba is a friendly full-stack programming language for the web that compiles to performant JavaScript. It has language-level support for defining, extending, subclassing, instantiating and rendering DOM nodes.

Get started

npx imba create hello-world
cd hello-world
npm start

Documentation

To get started with Imba, we recommend reading through the official guide.

Why Imba?

Minimal syntax

Imba's syntax is minimal, beautiful, and packed with clever features. It combines logic, markup and styling in a powerful way. Fewer keystrokes and less switching files mean you'll be able to build things fast.

Runs on both server and client

Imba powers both the frontend and the backend of Scrimba.com, our learning platform with 100K+ monthly active users. On the frontend, Imba replaces e.g., Vue or React, and on the backend, it works with the Node ecosystem (e.g., npm).

Integrated styling

Inspired by Tailwind, Imba brings styles directly into your code. Styles can be scoped to files, components, and even parts of your tag trees. Style modifiers like @hover, @lg, @landscape and @dark can be used for extremely concise yet powerful styling.

Blazing fast, Zero config

Imba comes with a built-in bundler based on the blazing fast esbuild. Import stylesheets, images, typescript, html, workers and more without any configuration. Bundling is so fast that there is no difference between production and development mode - it all happens on-demand.

When you run your app with the imba command, it automatically bundles and compiles your imba code, along with typescript, css and many other file types. It provides automatic reloading of both the server and client.

Typing and tooling

The tooling is implemented as a typescript server plugin giving us great intellisense, diagnostics, and even cross-file refactorings that works with js/ts files in the same project. You can import types just like in typescript, and annotate variables, parameters and expressions. Like the language, the tooling is still in alpha, but improving every day.

Community

Imba Community Meeting

Everyone is welcome! This is a great place to report your issues, hangout and talk about your project using Imba. If you have an open pull request which has not seen attention, you can ping during the meeting.

For the exact meeting times, please use the Meetup group Imba Oslo Meetup, this is where you can see the timezone, cancellations, etc.

You can join us remotely via Zoom.

Did you miss a meeting? No worries, catch up via the meeting notes or video recordings.

Chat

For questions and support, please use our community chat on Discord.

Author: imba
Source Code: https://github.com/imba/imba 
License: MIT license

#javascript #programminglanguage #frontend 

what is pseudocode?

Pseudocode helps computer programmers in writing computer algorithms.

Pseudocode is a way of describing written instructions as a series of English-like sentences. It has a similar purpose to flowcharts - to describe the logic of a program.

pseudocode is often referred to as a syntactical representation of a program and it doesn't have a strict syntax since it only represents the way we're thinking so it should leave very little for the

Imagination So it's readable for most people

It’s important to understand that pseudocode is not a programming language.

it's actually a learning and reasoning tool used to help programmers understand and write code.

so it's language agnostic, it's something that you write that is not an actual code in any programming language but that if anyone were to read it it would be very clear to what is happening or what steps are being taken.

So what pseudocode actually enables us to do is to grab a simple set of instructions that are written in plain English and eventually translate that into a program that can be executed.

So hopefully this gave you a better understanding on what is pseudocode, how to write pseudocode and how to use it

#programming  #programminglanguage #programmer #programminglanguages 

【程式語言入門須知】上集 | 新手該學哪個程式語言？工程師都用什麼程式語言？最強程式語言是？

關於程式語言 -入門該學哪個程式語言？工程師都用什麼程式語言？最強程式語言是？| Programming Languages for Beginners
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學習程式設計，新手要學什麼程式語言？Python, Java, C++, JavaScript ... 程式語言種類那麼多，哪個程式語言最適合初學入門者？哪個程式語言最受歡迎最厲害最強大？工程師又都用什麼程式語言呢？對啊我是工程師是寫什麼程式語言的工程師？

對啊我是工程師很常被問到這類問題，所以，這次會分享我對程式語言的介紹與看法，以及初學者如何選擇並學習程式語言，並分享學習程式設計前，要有的程式語言基本概念。釐清一些大家對程式語言常有的誤會，或許能讓你在學習的路上少一點困惑。

【下集】
程式語言入門須知-上集 | 新手該學哪個程式語言？工程師都用什麼程式語言？最強程式語言是？

Untyped - There are so many data types in the world of computer science, so are the people who write the code. We aim to UNTYPE the stereotype of engineers and of how coding is only for a certain type of people.
對啊我是工程師：一個喜歡電腦科學邏輯推理，在科技圈努力為性別平等奮鬥的女工程師。

#programminglanguage #code #Beginners 

Eve: Better tools for Thought

Eve is a programming language based on years of research into building a human-first programming platform.

This repository hosts a preview of Eve v0.3 alpha, which is no longer under active development.

Getting Started with Eve v0.3 preview

Install Node for your platform, then clone and build the Eve starter repository:

git clone git@github.com:witheve/eve-starter.git
cd eve-starter
npm install

You can start the program switcher, which allows you to browse included example programs:

npm start

Or you can run a specific program by providing its path as an argument:

npm start -- path/to/program.js

Integrating Eve into an existing project

You can get Eve as an npm package

npm install witheve@preview

Then import Eve to use it in your project

import {Program} from "witheve";

Learning Eve

You can learn about Eve with the following resources:

• Read the Quick Start Tutorial (use Chrome for best results)
• Syntax Quick Reference
• Language Handbook (draft)

Also, the mailing list archive is a good resource for help and inspiration. In particular, the Puzzles & Paradoxes series answers a lot of questions beginners face about the Eve langauge.

Get Involved

Join the Community

The Eve community is small but constantly growing, and everyone is welcome!

• Join or start a discussion on our mailing list.
• Impact the future of Eve by getting involved with our Request for Comments process.
• Read our development blog.
• Follow us on Twitter.

How to Contribute

The best way to contribute right now is to write Eve code and report your experiences. Let us know what kind of programs you’re trying to write, what barriers you are facing in writing code (both mental and technological), and any errors you encounter along the way.

How to File an Issue

Please file any issues in this repository. Before you file an issue, please take a look to see if the issue already exists. When you file an issue, please include:

1. The steps needed to reproduce the bug
2. Your operating system and browser.
3. If applicable, the .*eve file that causes the bug.

Disclaimer

Eve is currently at a very early, "alpha" stage of development. This means the language, tools, and docs are largely incomplete, but undergoing rapid and continuous development. If you encounter errors while using Eve, don't worry: it's likely our fault. Please bring the problem to our attention by filing an issue.

As always, with pre-release software, don’t use this for anything important. We are continuously pushing to this codebase, so you can expect very rapid changes. At this time, we’re not prepared make the commitment that our changes will not break your code, but we’ll do our best to update you on the biggest changes.

Author: Witheve
Source Code: https://github.com/witheve/Eve 
License: Apache-2.0 License

#node #programminglanguage #database 

Gentee Script Programming Language

Gentee is a free open source script programming language. The Gentee programming language is designed to create scripts to automate repetitive actions and processes on your computer. If you use or plan to use .bat files, bash, PowerShell or special programs to automate actions, then try doing the same thing with Gentee.

Want to see a sample application that successfully uses the Gentee programming language? Take a look at Eonza, a free cross-platform program for easy creation and management of scripts.

How to run Gentee scripts

• Download the binary version of Gentee compiler for your operating system or build the gentee executable file from cli/gentee.go using go compiler.

$ go get -u github.com/gentee/gentee
$ cd gentee/gentee/cli
$ go build

• Specify the script file when running gentee. The script file can have any extension.

Linux: ./gentee myscript.g 
Wndows: gentee.exe myscript.g

• Also, you can associate the gentee program with script files in your operating system.

Gentee compiler/interpreter

gentee [-ver] [-t] <scriptname> [command-line parameters for script]

By default, the program prints the output of the script to the console and returns 0 if successful.

Command line parameters

• scriptname - full or relative path to the script file. You can specify the command line parameters for the script after the script file name.
• -ver - show the current version of Gentee language.
• -t - test the script. When using this parameter, the script must have the result parameter in the header with the expected value (example). In this mode, the program does not output the result of the script execution to the console. If the result does not match, an error message is displayed and an error code 4 is returned.

Error code

Documentation

• Gentee programming language (English)
• Язык программирования Gentee (Russian)

All documentation is available on GitHub.

Download

• Linux amd64
• Windows amd64
• macOS amd64

You can download other binary distributions for Linux, macOS, Windows here.

Go integration

You can use the Gentee compiler and virtual machine in golang projects without any restrictions.
Documentation is available here.

Support

If you have any questions and suggestions or would like to help in the development, add your issue here.

Author: Gentee
Source Code: https://github.com/gentee/gentee 
License: MIT License

#go #golang #programminglanguage 

Anko: Scriptable interpreter Written in Golang

Anko

Anko is a scriptable interpreter written in Go.

Usage Example - Embedded

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"

    "github.com/mattn/anko/env"
    "github.com/mattn/anko/vm"
)

func main() {
    e := env.NewEnv()

    err := e.Define("println", fmt.Println)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Define error: %v\n", err)
    }

    script := `
println("Hello World :)")
`

    _, err = vm.Execute(e, nil, script)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Execute error: %v\n", err)
    }

    // output: Hello World :)
}

Usage Example - Command Line

Building

go get github.com/mattn/anko
go install github.com/mattn/anko

Running an Anko script file named script.ank

./anko script.ank

Anko Script Quick Start

// declare variables
x = 1
y = x + 1

// print using outside the script defined println function
println(x + y) // 3

// if else statement
if x < 1 || y < 1 {
    println(x)
} else if x < 1 && y < 1 {
    println(y)
} else {
    println(x + y)
}

// slice
a = []interface{1, 2, 3}
println(a) // [1 2 3]
println(a[0]) // 1

// map
a = map[interface]interface{"x": 1}
println(a) // map[x:1]
a.b = 2
a["c"] = 3
println(a["b"]) // 2
println(a.c) // 3

// struct
a = make(struct {
    A int64,
    B float64
})
a.A = 4
a.B = 5.5
println(a.A) // 4
println(a.B) // 5.5

// function
func a (x) {
    println(x + 1)
}
a(5) // 6

More examples are located in the GoDoc:

https://godoc.org/github.com/mattn/anko/vm

Please note that the master branch is not stable

The master branch language and API may change at any time.

To mitigate breaking changes, please use tagged branches. New tagged branches will be created for breaking changes.

Author: Mattn
Source Code: https://github.com/mattn/anko 
License: MIT License

#go #golang #programminglanguage 

Pick a Good Programming Language - A Beginner's Guide to Learning Web

It’s safe to say that regardless of whether you are a professional web developer or just an amateur, you know what kinds of languages are used to code different aspects of your project.

Visit Us:- https://convrtx009.blogspot.com/2021/11/pick-good-programming-language.html

#programminglanguage

10 Top Android App Development Companies In India

10 Top Android App Development Companies in India

Android is the most progressive and demanding OS with 85% of the market share with more than 3.04 million applications in the Google Play Store.

Research has always been a prudent idea to help make your decision. So here is the list of top-notch Android app development companies in India that offer reliable, scalable, and robust services to start-ups, enterprises, and entrepreneurs.

Read and Know: https://bit.ly/3y0h6le

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#android #development #mobileappdevelopment #india #app #Androidappdevelopment #programminglanguage #Kotlin #listoftechnologiesusedinandroidappdevelopment #hireanandroidappdeveloper #mobileapplicationdevelopmentcompany

Which Programming Language to Learn First 2021 (with Charts)

Which programming language should you learn first in 2021 if you want to become a software engineer? JavaScript, Python, Typescript?
We’ll look at some charts to see which programming language you should learn to give you the best chance of getting a software engineering job.

JavaScript Tutorial For Beginners: https://youtu.be/bArwRwHey6c
StackOverflow Developer Surveys: https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey
SuperSimpleDev Absolute Beginner Course: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEPye7A7EcQaCndZrdwZiA6fCNZhIxfP-

Contact: https://supersimple.dev/feedback
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/supersimple.dev

0:00 The answer
0:52 Chart: most popular programming languages
2:50 Chart: language trends
3:15 JavaScript
5:31 Python
6:10 Conclusion

#programminglanguage #javascript #python