10 Best Web Development Frameworks for 2023

Businesses need to have a prominent online presence in this changing environment. A smart and user-friendly website attracts new users. Developing such web apps and websites requires the right framework.

We have compiled a list of some of the most popular web frameworks you can use to make web development easier.

https://multiqos.com/blogs/most-popular-frameworks-for-web-development/

#webdevelopment #webdeveloper #webdevelopmentcompany #webframeworks #hirewebdeveloper

10 Best Web Development Frameworks for 2023

Sefali Warner

1666356824

The Most Used Front-End Frameworks for Web Development

In this article, we'll discuss the most popular frontend frameworks and how to choose the best one for your project. We'll go over the different features and benefits of each framework, and help you decide which one is right for you.

So if you're looking to improve your web development skills, this article is for you.

https://www.zupyak.com/p/3322704/t/the-most-used-front-end-frameworks-for-web-development

#FrontEnd #frameworks #webdevelopement #webframeworks

Sefali Warner

1666355151

Most Popular Backend Web Development Frameworks And How To Choose One? | By Sefali | Tealfeed

In today's world, having a well-designed and well-coded website is more important than ever. But which backend web development framework is the best for your project?

Check this article, where we'll take a look at some of the most popular backend web development frameworks and help you choose the best one for your project.

#backend #webdevelopement #framework #webframeworks

Most Popular Backend Web Development Frameworks And How To Choose One? | By Sefali | Tealfeed

Jasper Prohaska

1663641060

10 Favorite Golang Libraries for Full Stack Web Frameworks

In today's post we will learn about 10 Favorite Golang Libraries for Full Stack Web Frameworks.

What is Full Stack Web Frameworks?

A full-stack development framework is designed to be utilized repetitively by developers to program applications without manually creating the regularly used generic codes from scratch. To put it simply, they are bodies of pre-written code used by developers to create apps using the Java programming language.

Table of contents:

Aero - High-performance web framework for Go, reaches top scores in Lighthouse.
Air - An ideally refined web framework for Go.
Anoweb - The lightweight and powerful web framework using the new way for Go.Another go the way.
Appy - An opinionated productive web framework that helps scaling business easier.
Banjo - Very simple and fast web framework for Go.
Beego - beego is an open-source, high-performance web framework for the Go programming language.
Echo - High performance, minimalist Go web framework.
Fiber - An Express.js inspired web framework build on Fasthttp.
Fireball - More "natural" feeling web framework.
Flamingo - Framework for pluggable web projects. Including a concept for modules and offering features for DI, Configareas, i18n, template engines, graphql, observability, security, events, routing & reverse routing etc.

1 - Aero:

High-performance web framework for Go, reaches top scores in Lighthouse.

Installation

go get -u github.com/aerogo/aero/...

Benchmarks

Features

HTTP/2
Radix tree routing
Low latency
Bandwidth savings via automated ETags
Session data with custom stores
Server-sent events
Context interface for custom contexts

View on Github

2 - Air:

An ideally refined web framework for Go.

High-performance? Fastest? Almost all web frameworks are using these words to tell people that they are the best. Maybe they are, maybe not. Air does not intend to follow the crowd. Our goal is always to strive to make it easy for people to use Air to build their web applications. So, we can only guarantee you one thing: Air can serve properly.

Installation

Open your terminal and execute

$ go get github.com/aofei/air

done.

The only requirement is the Go, at least v1.13.

Hello, 世界

Create a file named hello.go

package main

import "github.com/aofei/air"

func main() {
	air.Default.GET("/", func(req *air.Request, res *air.Response) error {
		return res.WriteString("Hello, 世界")
	})
	air.Default.Serve()
}

and run it

$ go run hello.go

then visit http://localhost:8080.

Documentation

Does all web frameworks need to have a complicated (or a lovely but lengthy) website to guide people how to use them? Well, Air has only one Doc with useful comments. In fact, Air is so succinct that you don't need to understand how to use it through a large document.

Gases

As we all know that the air of Earth is a mixture of gases. So the same is that Air adopts the gas as its composition. Everyone can create new gas and use it within Air simply.

A gas is a function chained in the HTTP request-response cycle with access to the air.Request and air.Response which it uses to perform a specific action, for example, logging every request or recovering from panics.

return func(next air.Handler) air.Handler {
	return func(req *air.Request, res *air.Response) error {
		// Do something here...
		return next(req, res) // Execute the next handler
	}
}

If you already have some good HTTP middleware, you can simply wrap them into gases by calling the air.WrapHTTPMiddleware.

If you are looking for some useful gases, simply visit here.

View on Github

3 - Anoweb:

The lightweight and powerful web framework using the new way for Go.Another go the way.

                                    _
                                   | |
 _____  ____    ___   _ _ _  _____ | |__
(____ ||  _ \  / _ \ | | | || ___ ||  _ \ 
/ ___ || | | || |_| || | | || ____|| |_) )
\_____||_| |_| \___/  \___/ |_____)|____/ 

::anoweb:: 

The lightweight and powerful web framework using the new way for Go. Another go the way.

{{ Version @VER }}

{{ Powered by go-the-way }}

{{ https://github.com/go-the-way/anoweb }}

Install

require github.com/go-the-way/anoweb latest

Quickstart

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net/http"
	"time"
	
	"github.com/go-the-way/anoweb"
	"github.com/go-the-way/anoweb/context"
)

func main() {
	go func() {
		time.AfterFunc(time.Second, func() {
			response, _ := http.Get("http://localhost:9494")
			resp, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
			fmt.Println(string(resp))
		})
	}()
	anoweb.Default.Get("/", func(ctx *context.Context) {
		ctx.Text("Hello world")
	}).Run()
}

View on Github

4 - Appy:

An opinionated productive web framework that helps scaling business easier, i.e. focus on monolith first, only move to microservices with GRPC later on when your team is ready.

Click to see an application called "appist" made with "appy" in action

Debug Mode Release Mode

Additional Notes

appy is made as a package for your application to import without the need to install any additional binary
appy glues the great packages to provide best productivity in developing Go web application
appy comes with 2 build types:
- debug - when the code is NOT running within the binary
- release - when the code is running within the binary
appy follows 12factor via APPY_ENV environment variable:
- by default, it is development
- when APPY_ENV=staging is set, the config file is configs/.env.staging
- utilise configs/.env.<APPY_ENV> to support multiple environments deployment

Quick Start

Step 1: Create the project folder with go module and git initialised.

$ mkdir <PROJECT_NAME> && cd $_ && go mod init $_ && git init

Note: The <PROJECT_NAME> must be an alphanumeric string.

Step 2: Create `main.go` with the snippet below.

package main

import (
  "github.com/appist/appy/cmd"
)

func main() {
  err := cmd.Scaffold()

  if err != nil {
    panic(err)
  }
}

Step 3: Initialize the project layout.

$ go run .

Step 4: Setup the databases using Docker Compose.

$ go run . setup

Step 5: Start developing your application locally.

$ go run . start

View on Github

5 - Banjo:

Very simple and fast web framework for Go.

Install

$ go get github.com/nsheremet/banjo

Example Usage

Simple Web App - main.go

package main

import "banjo"

func main() {
  app := banjo.Create(banjo.DefaultConfig())
  
  app.Get("/", func(ctx *banjo.Context) {
    ctx.JSON(banjo.M{"foo":"bar"})
  })

  app.Run()
}

Example responses:

// ... Redirect To
  app.Get("/admin", func(ctx *banjo.Context) {
    ctx.RedirectTo("/")
  })
// ... HTML
  app.Get("/foo", func(ctx *banjo.Context) {
    ctx.HTML("<h1>Hello from BONjO!</h1>")
  })
// ... Return Params as JSON
  app.Post("/bar", func(ctx *banjo.Context) {
    ctx.JSON(banjo.M{
      "params": ctx.Request.Params
    })
    ctx.Response.Status = 201
  })

View on Github

6 - Beego:

Beego is an open-source, high-performance web framework for the Go programming language.

Beego is composed of four parts:

Base modules: including log module, config module, governor module;
Task: is used for running timed tasks or periodic tasks;
Client: including ORM module, httplib module, cache module;
Server: including web module. We will support gRPC in the future;

Please use RELEASE version, or master branch which contains the latest bug fix

Quick Start

Official website 中文新版文档网站

Example

If you could not open official website, go to beedoc

Web Application

Create `hello` directory, cd `hello` directory

mkdir hello
cd hello

Init module

go mod init

Download and install

go get github.com/beego/beego/v2@latest

Create file `hello.go`

package main import "github.com/beego/beego/v2/server/web" func main() { web.Run() }

Build and run

go build hello.go
./hello

Go to http://localhost:8080

Congratulations! You've just built your first beego app.

View on Github

7 - Echo:

High performance, minimalist Go web framework.

Feature Overview

Optimized HTTP router which smartly prioritize routes
Build robust and scalable RESTful APIs
Group APIs
Extensible middleware framework
Define middleware at root, group or route level
Data binding for JSON, XML and form payload
Handy functions to send variety of HTTP responses
Centralized HTTP error handling
Template rendering with any template engine
Define your format for the logger
Highly customizable
Automatic TLS via Let’s Encrypt
HTTP/2 support

Guide

Installation

// go get github.com/labstack/echo/{version}
go get github.com/labstack/echo/v4

Example

package main

import (
  "github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
  "github.com/labstack/echo/v4/middleware"
  "net/http"
)

func main() {
  // Echo instance
  e := echo.New()

  // Middleware
  e.Use(middleware.Logger())
  e.Use(middleware.Recover())

  // Routes
  e.GET("/", hello)

  // Start server
  e.Logger.Fatal(e.Start(":1323"))
}

// Handler
func hello(c echo.Context) error {
  return c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello, World!")
}

View on Github

8 - Fiber:

An Express.js inspired web framework build on Fasthttp.

Fiber is an Express inspired web framework built on top of Fasthttp, the fastest HTTP engine for Go. Designed to ease things up for fast development with zero memory allocation and performance in mind.

⚡️ Quickstart

package main

import "github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2"

func main() {
    app := fiber.New()

    app.Get("/", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
        return c.SendString("Hello, World 👋!")
    })

    app.Listen(":3000")
}

⚙️ Installation

Make sure you have Go installed (download). Version 1.14 or higher is required.

Initialize your project by creating a folder and then running go mod init github.com/your/repo (learn more) inside the folder. Then install Fiber with the go get command:

go get -u github.com/gofiber/fiber/v2

👀 Examples

Listed below are some of the common examples. If you want to see more code examples , please visit our Recipes repository or visit our hosted API documentation.

📖 Basic Routing

func main() {
    app := fiber.New()

    // GET /api/register
    app.Get("/api/*", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
        msg := fmt.Sprintf("✋ %s", c.Params("*"))
        return c.SendString(msg) // => ✋ register
    })

    // GET /flights/LAX-SFO
    app.Get("/flights/:from-:to", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
        msg := fmt.Sprintf("💸 From: %s, To: %s", c.Params("from"), c.Params("to"))
        return c.SendString(msg) // => 💸 From: LAX, To: SFO
    })

    // GET /dictionary.txt
    app.Get("/:file.:ext", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
        msg := fmt.Sprintf("📃 %s.%s", c.Params("file"), c.Params("ext"))
        return c.SendString(msg) // => 📃 dictionary.txt
    })

    // GET /john/75
    app.Get("/:name/:age/:gender?", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
        msg := fmt.Sprintf("👴 %s is %s years old", c.Params("name"), c.Params("age"))
        return c.SendString(msg) // => 👴 john is 75 years old
    })

    // GET /john
    app.Get("/:name", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
        msg := fmt.Sprintf("Hello, %s 👋!", c.Params("name"))
        return c.SendString(msg) // => Hello john 👋!
    })

    log.Fatal(app.Listen(":3000"))
}

📖 Route Naming

func main() {
    app := fiber.New()

    // GET /api/register
    app.Get("/api/*", func(c *fiber.Ctx) error {
        msg := fmt.Sprintf("✋ %s", c.Params("*"))
        return c.SendString(msg) // => ✋ register
    }).Name("api")

    data, _ := json.MarshalIndent(app.GetRoute("api"), "", "  ")
    fmt.Print(string(data))
    // Prints:
    // {
    //    "method": "GET",
    //    "name": "api",
    //    "path": "/api/*",
    //    "params": [
    //      "*1"
    //    ]
    // }


    log.Fatal(app.Listen(":3000"))
}

View on Github

9 - Fireball:

More "natural" feeling web framework.

Overview

Fireball is a package for Go web applications. The primary goal of this package is to make routing, response writing, and error handling as easy as possible for developers, so they can focus more on their application logic, and less on repeated patterns.

Installation

To install this package, run:

go get github.com/zpatrick/fireball

Getting Started

The following snipped shows a simple "Hello, World" application using Fireball:

package main

import (
  "github.com/zpatrick/fireball"
  "net/http"
)

func index(c *fireball.Context) (fireball.Response, error) {
  return fireball.NewResponse(200, []byte("Hello, World!"), nil), nil
}

func main() {
  indexRoute := &fireball.Route{
    Path: "/",
    Handlers: fireball.Handlers{
      "GET": index,
    },
  }

  routes := []*fireball.Route{indexRoute}
  app := fireball.NewApp(routes)
  http.ListenAndServe(":8000", app)
}

This will run a new webserver at localhost:8000

View on Github

10 - Flamingo:

Framework for pluggable web projects. Including a concept for modules and offering features for DI, Configareas, i18n, template engines, graphql, observability, security, events, routing & reverse routing etc.

Quick start

See "examples/hello-world"

Initialize an empty project:

mkdir helloworld
cd helloworld
go mod init helloworld

Create your project main file:

cat main.go

package main

import (
	"flamingo.me/dingo"
	"flamingo.me/flamingo/v3"
)

func main() {
	flamingo.App([]dingo.Module{
	})
}

If you then start your project you will see a list of registered commands:

go run main.go

It will print something like:

Flamingo main

Usage:
  main [command]

Examples:
Run with -h or -help to see global debug flags

Available Commands:
  config      Config dump
  handler     Dump the Handlers and its registered methods
  help        Help about any command
  routes      Routes dump
  serve       Default serve command - starts on Port 3322

Flags:
  -h, --help   help for main

Use "main [command] --help" for more information about a command.

To start the server use the following sub command:

go run main.go serve

And open http://localhost:3322

Hello World Example:

To extend this empty flamingo project with a "Hello World" output please create a new module "helloworld" like this:

mkdir helloworld
cat helloworld/module.go

With the following code in module.go:

package helloworld

import (
        "context"
        "net/http"
        "strings"
        
        "flamingo.me/dingo"
        "flamingo.me/flamingo/v3/framework/web"
)

type Module struct{}

func (*Module) Configure(injector *dingo.Injector) {
        web.BindRoutes(injector, new(routes))
}

type routes struct{}

func (*routes) Routes(registry *web.RouterRegistry) {
        registry.Route("/", "home")
        registry.HandleAny("home", indexHandler)
}

func indexHandler(ctx context.Context, req *web.Request) web.Result {
        return &web.Response{
            Status: http.StatusOK,
            Body:   strings.NewReader("Hello World!"),
        }
}

This file now defines a very simple module, that can be used in the Flamingo bootstrap. In this case it registers a new handler that renders a simple "Hello World" message and binds the route "/" to this handler. Now please include this new module in your existing main.go file:

package main

import (
	"flamingo.me/dingo"
	"flamingo.me/flamingo/v3"
	"helloworld/helloworld"
)

func main() {
	flamingo.App([]dingo.Module{
        new(helloworld.Module),
	})
}

If you now run the server again

go run main.go serve

And open http://localhost:3322 you will see your "Hello World!" output.

View on Github

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Suggest 5 Python Web Framework Libraries You Must Know

In this Python article, let's learn about Web Framework in Python: ESuggest 5 Python Web Framework Libraries You Must Know

Responder: A familiar HTTP Service Framework for Python.
Vibora: Fast, asynchronous and elegant Python web framework.
Quart: An async Python micro framework for building web applications.
Growler: A micro web-framework using asyncio coroutines and chained middleware.
Flama: Fire up your API

what is web framework in python?

What is a Python Web Framework? Python Web framework is a collection of packages or modules that allow developers to write Web applications or services. With it, developers don't need to handle low-level details like protocols, sockets or process/thread management.

Suggest 5 Python Web Framework Libraries You Must Know

1.Responder

A familiar HTTP Service Framework for Python.

This gets you a ASGI app, with a production static files server pre-installed, jinja2 templating (without additional imports), and a production webserver based on uvloop, serving up requests with gzip compression automatically.

Testimonials

"Pleasantly very taken with python-responder. @kennethreitz at his absolute best." —Rudraksh M.K.

"ASGI is going to enable all sorts of new high-performance web services. It's awesome to see Responder starting to take advantage of that." — Tom Christie author of Django REST Framework

"I love that you are exploring new patterns. Go go go!" — Danny Greenfield, author of Two Scoops of Django

More Examples

See the documentation's feature tour for more details on features available in Responder.

Installing Responder

Install the stable release:

$ pipenv install responder
✨🍰✨

Or, install from the development branch:

$ pipenv install -e git+https://github.com/taoufik07/responder.git#egg=responder

Only Python 3.6+ is supported.

View on GitHub

2. vibora

Vibora is a fast, asynchronous and elegant Python 3.6+ http client/server framework. (Alpha stage)

Before you ask, Vibora means Viper in Portuguese :)

Server Features

Performance (https://github.com/vibora-io/benchmarks).
Schemas Engine.
Nested Blueprints / Domain Based Routes / Components
Connection Reaper / Self-Healing Workers
Sessions Engine
Streaming
Websockets
Caching tools
Async Template Engine (hot-reloading, deep inheritance)
Complete flow customization
Static Files (Smart Cache, Range, LastModified, ETags)
Testing Framework
Type hints, type hints, type hints everywhere.

Server Example

from vibora import Vibora, Request
from vibora.responses import JsonResponse

app = Vibora()


@app.route('/')
async def home(request: Request):
    return JsonResponse({'hello': 'world'})


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=8000)

Client Example

import asyncio
from vibora import client


async def hello_world():
    response = await client.get('https://google.com/')
    print(f'Content: {response.content}')
    print(f'Status code: {response.status_code}')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    loop.run_until_complete(hello_world())

View on GitHub

3. Quart

An async Python micro framework for building web applications.

Quart is an async Python web microframework. Using Quart you can,

render and serve HTML templates,
write (RESTful) JSON APIs,
serve WebSockets,
stream request and response data,
do pretty much anything over the HTTP or WebSocket protocols.

Quickstart

Quart can be installed via pip,

$ pip install quart

and requires Python 3.7.0 or higher (see python version support for reasoning).

A minimal Quart example is,

from quart import Quart, render_template, websocket

app = Quart(__name__)

@app.route("/")
async def hello():
    return await render_template("index.html")

@app.route("/api")
async def json():
    return {"hello": "world"}

@app.websocket("/ws")
async def ws():
    while True:
        await websocket.send("hello")
        await websocket.send_json({"hello": "world"})

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run()

if the above is in a file called app.py it can be run as,

$ python app.py

To deploy this app in a production setting see the deployment documentation.

View on GitHub

4. Growler

Growler is a web framework built atop asyncio, the asynchronous library described in PEP 3156 and added to the standard library in python 3.4. It takes a cue from the Connect & Express frameworks in the nodejs ecosystem, using a single application object and series of middleware to process HTTP requests. The custom chain of middleware provides an easy way to implement complex applications.

Installation

Growler is installable via pip:

$ pip install growler

The source can be downloaded/cloned from github at http://github.com/pyGrowler/Growler.

Extras

The pip utility allows packages to provide optional requirements, so features may be installed only upon request. This meshes well with the minimal nature of the Growler project: don't install anything the user doesn't need. That being said, there are (will be) community packages that are blessed by the growler developers (after ensuring they work as expected and are well tested with each version of growler) that will be available as extras directly from the growler package.

For example, if you want to use the popular mako html template engine, you can add support easily by adding it to the list of optionals:

$ pip install growler[mako]

This will automatically install the mako-growler packge, or growler-mako, or whatever it is named - you don't care, it's right there, and it works! Very easy!

The goal here is to provide a super simple method for adding middleware packages that the user can be sure works with that version of growler (i.e. has been tested), and has the blessing of the growler developer(s).

The coolest thing would be to describe your web stack via this command, so if you want mako, coffeescript, and some postgres ORM, your install command would look like growler[mako,coffee,pgorm]; anybody could look at that string and get the birds-eye view of your project.

When multiple extras are available, they will be listed here.

View on GitHub

5. Flama

Flama aims to bring a layer on top of Starlette to provide an easy to learn and fast to develop approach for building highly performant GraphQL and REST APIs. In the same way of Starlette is, Flama is a perfect option for developing asynchronous and production-ready services.

Installation

$ pip install flama

Example

from marshmallow import Schema, fields, validate
from flama.applications import Flama
import uvicorn

# Data Schema
class Puppy(Schema):
    id = fields.Integer()
    name = fields.String()
    age = fields.Integer(validate=validate.Range(min=0))


# Database
puppies = [
    {"id": 1, "name": "Canna", "age": 6},
    {"id": 2, "name": "Sandy", "age": 12},
]


# Application
app = Flama(
    components=[],      # Without custom components
    title="Foo",        # API title
    version="0.1",      # API version
    description="Bar",  # API description
    schema="/schema/",  # Path to expose OpenAPI schema
    docs="/docs/",      # Path to expose Swagger UI docs
    redoc="/redoc/",    # Path to expose ReDoc docs
)


# Views
@app.route("/", methods=["GET"])
def list_puppies(name: str = None) -> Puppy(many=True):
    """
    description:
        List the puppies collection. There is an optional query parameter that 
        specifies a name for filtering the collection based on it.
    responses:
        200:
            description: List puppies.
    """
    return [puppy for puppy in puppies if name in (puppy["name"], None)]
    

@app.route("/", methods=["POST"])
def create_puppy(puppy: Puppy) -> Puppy:
    """
    description:
        Create a new puppy using data validated from request body and add it 
        to the collection.
    responses:
        200:
            description: Puppy created successfully.
    """
    puppies.append(puppy)
    
    return puppy


if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app, host='0.0.0.0', port=8000)

View on GitHub

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Explore Web Frameworks in Python with These 4 Popular Libraries

In this Python article, let's learn about Web Framework: Explore Web Frameworks in Python with These 10 Popular Libraries:

Pyramid: Pyramid - A Python web framework
hug: Embrace the APIs of the future. Hug aims to make developing APIs as simple as possible, but no simpler.
Flask RestPlus: Fully featured framework for fast, easy and documented API development with Flask
Japronto!: Screaming-fast Python 3.5+ HTTP toolkit integrated with pipelining HTTP server based on uvloop and picohttpparser.

what is web framework in python?

Explore Web Frameworks in Python with These 4 Popular Libraries

1. Pyramid

Pyramid is a small, fast, down-to-earth, open source Python web framework. It makes real-world web application development and deployment more fun, more predictable, and more productive.

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from pyramid.config import Configurator
from pyramid.response import Response

def hello_world(request):
    return Response('Hello World!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with Configurator() as config:
        config.add_route('hello', '/')
        config.add_view(hello_world, route_name='hello')
        app = config.make_wsgi_app()
    server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 6543, app)
    server.serve_forever()

Pyramid is a project of the Pylons Project.

Support and Documentation

See Pyramid Support and Development for documentation, reporting bugs, and getting support.

View on GitHub

2. hug

hug aims to make developing Python driven APIs as simple as possible, but no simpler. As a result, it drastically simplifies Python API development.

Installing hug

Installing hug is as simple as:

pip3 install hug --upgrade

Ideally, within a virtual environment.

Getting Started

Build an example API with a simple endpoint in just a few lines.

# filename: happy_birthday.py
"""A basic (single function) API written using hug"""
import hug


@hug.get('/happy_birthday')
def happy_birthday(name, age:hug.types.number=1):
    """Says happy birthday to a user"""
    return "Happy {age} Birthday {name}!".format(**locals())

To run, from the command line type:

hug -f happy_birthday.py

You can access the example in your browser at: localhost:8000/happy_birthday?name=hug&age=1. Then check out the documentation for your API at localhost:8000/documentation

Parameters can also be encoded in the URL (check out happy_birthday.py for the whole example).

@hug.get('/greet/{event}')
def greet(event: str):
    """Greets appropriately (from http://blog.ketchum.com/how-to-write-10-common-holiday-greetings/)  """
    greetings = "Happy"
    if event == "Christmas":
        greetings = "Merry"
    if event == "Kwanzaa":
        greetings = "Joyous"
    if event == "wishes":
        greetings = "Warm"

    return "{greetings} {event}!".format(**locals())

Which, once you are running the server as above, you can use this way:

curl http://localhost:8000/greet/wishes
"Warm wishes!"

View on GitHub

3. Flask RestPlus

IMPORTANT NOTICE:

This project has been forked to Flask-RESTX and will be maintained by by the python-restx organization. Flask-RESTPlus should be considered unmaintained.

Compatibility

Flask-RestPlus requires Python 2.7 or 3.4+.

Installation

You can install Flask-Restplus with pip:

$ pip install flask-restplus

or with easy_install:

$ easy_install flask-restplus

Quick start

With Flask-Restplus, you only import the api instance to route and document your endpoints.

from flask import Flask
from flask_restplus import Api, Resource, fields

app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app, version='1.0', title='TodoMVC API',
    description='A simple TodoMVC API',
)

ns = api.namespace('todos', description='TODO operations')

todo = api.model('Todo', {
    'id': fields.Integer(readOnly=True, description='The task unique identifier'),
    'task': fields.String(required=True, description='The task details')
})


class TodoDAO(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.counter = 0
        self.todos = []

    def get(self, id):
        for todo in self.todos:
            if todo['id'] == id:
                return todo
        api.abort(404, "Todo {} doesn't exist".format(id))

    def create(self, data):
        todo = data
        todo['id'] = self.counter = self.counter + 1
        self.todos.append(todo)
        return todo

    def update(self, id, data):
        todo = self.get(id)
        todo.update(data)
        return todo

    def delete(self, id):
        todo = self.get(id)
        self.todos.remove(todo)


DAO = TodoDAO()
DAO.create({'task': 'Build an API'})
DAO.create({'task': '?????'})
DAO.create({'task': 'profit!'})


@ns.route('/')
class TodoList(Resource):
    '''Shows a list of all todos, and lets you POST to add new tasks'''
    @ns.doc('list_todos')
    @ns.marshal_list_with(todo)
    def get(self):
        '''List all tasks'''
        return DAO.todos

    @ns.doc('create_todo')
    @ns.expect(todo)
    @ns.marshal_with(todo, code=201)
    def post(self):
        '''Create a new task'''
        return DAO.create(api.payload), 201


@ns.route('/<int:id>')
@ns.response(404, 'Todo not found')
@ns.param('id', 'The task identifier')
class Todo(Resource):
    '''Show a single todo item and lets you delete them'''
    @ns.doc('get_todo')
    @ns.marshal_with(todo)
    def get(self, id):
        '''Fetch a given resource'''
        return DAO.get(id)

    @ns.doc('delete_todo')
    @ns.response(204, 'Todo deleted')
    def delete(self, id):
        '''Delete a task given its identifier'''
        DAO.delete(id)
        return '', 204

    @ns.expect(todo)
    @ns.marshal_with(todo)
    def put(self, id):
        '''Update a task given its identifier'''
        return DAO.update(id, api.payload)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

View on GitHub

4. Japronto!

There is no new project development happening at the moment, but it's not abandoned either. Pull requests and new maintainers are welcome.

If you are a novice Python programmer, you don't like plumbing yourself or you don't have basic understanding of C, this project is not probably what you are looking for.

Japronto (from Portuguese "já pronto" /ˈʒa pɾõtu/ meaning "already done") is a screaming-fast, scalable, asynchronous Python 3.5+ HTTP toolkit integrated with pipelining HTTP server based on uvloop and picohttpparser. It's targeted at speed enthusiasts, people who like plumbing and early adopters.

You can read more in the release announcement on medium

Early preview

This is an early preview with alpha quality implementation. APIs are provisional meaning that they will change between versions and more testing is needed. Don't use it for anything serious for now and definitely don't use it in production. Please try it though and report back feedback. If you are shopping for your next project's framework I would recommend Sanic.

At the moment the work is focused on CPython but I have PyPy on my radar, though I am not gonna look into it until PyPy reaches 3.5 compatibility somewhere later this year and most known JIT regressions are removed.

Hello world

Here is how a simple web application looks like in Japronto:

from japronto import Application


def hello(request):
    return request.Response(text='Hello world!')


app = Application()
app.router.add_route('/', hello)
app.run(debug=True)

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Recommend 7 Useful Web Framework Libraries in Python

In this Python article, let's learn about Web Framework: Recommend 7 Useful Web Framework Libraries in Python

Cornice: Build Web Services with Pyramid.
guillotina: Python AsyncIO data API to manage billions of resources
Web2py: Free and open source full-stack enterprise framework for agile development of secure database-driven web-based applications, written and programmable in Python.
JustPy: An object oriented high-level Python Web Framework that requires no frontend programming
emmett: The web framework for inventors
Flask-MongoRest: A Restful API framework wrapped around MongoEngine.

what is web framework in python?

1. Cornice

Cornice provides helpers to build & document Web Services with Pyramid.

The full documentation is available at: https://cornice.readthedocs.io

View on GitHub

2. guillotina

This is the working project of the next generation Guillotina server based on asyncio.

Dependencies

Python >= 3.7
PostgreSQL >= 9.6

Quickstart

We use pip

pip install guillotina

Run PostgreSQL

If you don't have a PostgreSQL server to play with, you can run one with Docker.

Download and start the Docker container by running

make run-postgres

Run the server

To run the server

Then...

curl http://localhost:8080

Or, better yet, use Postman to start playing with API.

You can also navigate in your Guillotina server with its built-in web admin interface by visiting http://localhost:8080/+admin/.

View on GitHub

3. Web2py

web2py is a free open source full-stack framework for rapid development of fast, scalable, secure and portable database-driven web-based applications.

It is written and programmable in Python. LGPLv3 License

Learn more at http://web2py.com

Google App Engine deployment

cp examples/app.yaml ./
cp handlers/gaehandler.py ./

Then edit ./app.yaml and replace "yourappname" with yourappname.

Important reminder about this GIT repo

An important part of web2py is the Database Abstraction Layer (DAL). In early 2015 this was decoupled into a separate code-base (PyDAL). In terms of git, it is a sub-module of the main repository.

The use of a sub-module requires a one-time use of the --recursive flag for git clone if you are cloning web2py from scratch.

git clone --recursive https://github.com/web2py/web2py.git

If you have an existing repository, the commands below need to be executed at least once:

git submodule update --init --recursive

PyDAL uses a separate stable release cycle to the rest of web2py. PyDAL releases will use a date-naming scheme similar to Ubuntu. Issues related to PyDAL should be reported to its separate repository.

View on GitHub

4. JustPy

JustPy is an object-oriented, component based, high-level Python Web Framework that requires no front-end programming. With a few lines of only Python code, you can create interactive websites without any JavaScript programming. JustPy can also be used to create graphic user interfaces for Python programs.

Unlike other web frameworks, JustPy has no front-end/back-end distinction. All programming is done on the back-end allowing a simpler, more productive, and more Pythonic web development experience. JustPy removes the front-end/back-end distinction by intercepting the relevant events on the front-end and sending them to the back-end to be processed.

In JustPy, elements on the web page are instances of component classes. A component in JustPy is a Python class that allows you to instantiate reusable custom elements whose functionality and design is encapsulated away from the rest of your code.

Custom components can be created using other components as building blocks. Out of the box, JustPy comes with support for HTML and SVG components as well as more complex components such as charts and grids. It also supports most of the components and the functionality of the Quasar library of Material Design 2.0 components.

JustPy encourages creating your own components and reusing them in different projects (and, if applicable, sharing these components with others).

JustPy supports visualization using matplotlib and Highcharts.

JustPy integrates nicely with pandas and simplifies building web sites based on pandas analysis. JustPy comes with a pandas extension that makes it simple to create interactive charts and grids from pandas data structures.

For updates and news please follow the JustPy Twitter account

Hello World!

import justpy as jp

def hello_world():
    wp = jp.WebPage()
    d = jp.Div(text='Hello world!')
    wp.add(d)
    return wp
    
jp.justpy(hello_world)

The program above activates a web server that returns a web page with 'Hello world!' for any request. Locally, you would direct your browser to http://127.0.0.1:8000 or http://localhost:8000/ or to see the result.

Here is a slightly modified version in which 'Hello world!' changes to 'I was clicked!' when it is clicked.

import justpy as jp

def my_click(self, msg):
    self.text = 'I was clicked!'

def hello_world():
    wp = jp.WebPage()
    d = jp.Div(text='Hello world!')
    d.on('click', my_click)
    wp.add(d)
    return wp

jp.justpy(hello_world)

Many other examples can be found in the tutorial

View on GitHub

5. Emmett

Emmett is a full-stack Python web framework designed with simplicity in mind.

The aim of Emmett is to be clearly understandable, easy to be learned and to be used, so you can focus completely on your product's features:

from emmett import App, request, response
from emmett.orm import Database, Model, Field
from emmett.tools import service, requires

class Task(Model):
    name = Field.string()
    is_completed = Field.bool(default=False)

app = App(__name__)
app.config.db.uri = "postgres://user:password@localhost/foo"
db = Database(app)
db.define_models(Task)
app.pipeline = [db.pipe]

def is_authenticated():
    return request.headers["Api-Key"] == "foobar"
    
def not_authorized():
    response.status = 401
    return {'error': 'not authorized'}

@app.route(methods='get')
@service.json
@requires(is_authenticated, otherwise=not_authorized)
async def todo():
    page = request.query_params.page or 1
    tasks = Task.where(
        lambda t: t.is_completed == False
    ).select(paginate=(page, 20))
    return {'tasks': tasks}

Documentation

The documentation is available at https://emmett.sh/docs. The sources are available under the docs folder.

View on GitHub

6. Flask-MongoRest

A Restful API framework wrapped around MongoEngine.

Setup

from flask import Flask
from flask_mongoengine import MongoEngine
from flask_mongorest import MongoRest
from flask_mongorest.views import ResourceView
from flask_mongorest.resources import Resource
from flask_mongorest import operators as ops
from flask_mongorest import methods


app = Flask(__name__)

app.config.update(
    MONGODB_HOST = 'localhost',
    MONGODB_PORT = '27017',
    MONGODB_DB = 'mongorest_example_app',
)

db = MongoEngine(app)
api = MongoRest(app)

class User(db.Document):
    email = db.EmailField(unique=True, required=True)

class Content(db.EmbeddedDocument):
    text = db.StringField()

class ContentResource(Resource):
    document = Content

class Post(db.Document):
    title = db.StringField(max_length=120, required=True)
    author = db.ReferenceField(User)
    content = db.EmbeddedDocumentField(Content)

class PostResource(Resource):
    document = Post
    related_resources = {
        'content': ContentResource,
    }
    filters = {
        'title': [ops.Exact, ops.Startswith],
        'author_id': [ops.Exact],
    }
    rename_fields = {
        'author': 'author_id',
    }

@api.register(name='posts', url='/posts/')
class PostView(ResourceView):
    resource = PostResource
    methods = [methods.Create, methods.Update, methods.Fetch, methods.List]

With this app, following cURL commands could be used:

Create a Post:
curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d \
'{"title": "First post!", "author_id": "author_id_from_a_previous_api_call", "content": {"text": "this is our test post content"}}' http://0.0.0.0:5000/posts/
{
  "id": "1",
  "title": "First post!",
  "author_id": "author_id_from_a_previous_api_call",
  "content": {
    "text": "this is our test post content"
  }
}

Get a Post:

curl http://0.0.0.0:5000/posts/1/
{
  "id": "1",
  "title": "First post!",
  "author_id": "author_id_from_a_previous_api_call",
  "content": {
    "text": "this is our test post content"
  }
}

List all Posts or filter by the title:

curl http://0.0.0.0:5000/posts/ or curl http://0.0.0.0:5000/posts/?title__startswith=First%20post
{
  "data": [
    {
      "id": "1",
      "title": "First post!",
      "author_id": "author_id_from_a_previous_api_call",
      "content": {
        "text": "this is our test post content"
      }
    },
    ... other posts
  ]
}

Delete a Post:

curl -X DELETE http://0.0.0.0:5000/posts/1/
# Fails since PostView.methods does not allow Delete

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Revealed 6 Best Rated Web Framework Python Libraries

In this Python article, let's learn about Web Framework: Revealed 8 Best Rated Web Framework Python Libraries.

CherryPy: CherryPy is a pythonic, object-oriented HTTP framework
Starlette: The little ASGI framework that shines
django-tastypie: Creating delicious APIs for Django apps since 2010.
Eve: REST API framework designed for human beings
Webpy: web.py is a web framework for python that is as simple as it is powerful.
Masonite: The Modern And Developer Centric Python Web Framework.

What is a Python Web Framework?

Revealed 6 Best Rated Web Framework Python Libraries

1. CherryPy

CherryPy is a pythonic, object-oriented HTTP framework.

It allows building web applications in much the same way one would build any other object-oriented program.
This design results in more concise and readable code developed faster. It's all just properties and methods.
It is now more than ten years old and has proven fast and very stable.
It is being used in production by many sites, from the simplest to the most demanding.
And perhaps most importantly, it is fun to work with :-)

Here's how easy it is to write "Hello World" in CherryPy:

import cherrypy

class HelloWorld(object):
    @cherrypy.expose
    def index(self):
        return "Hello World!"

cherrypy.quickstart(HelloWorld())

And it continues to work that intuitively when systems grow, allowing for the Python object model to be dynamically presented as a website and/or API.

While CherryPy is one of the easiest and most intuitive frameworks out there, the prerequisite for understanding the CherryPy documentation is that you have a general understanding of Python and web development. Additionally:

Tutorials are included in the repository: https://github.com/cherrypy/cherrypy/tree/master/cherrypy/tutorial
A general wiki at: https://github.com/cherrypy/cherrypy/wiki

If the docs are insufficient to address your needs, the CherryPy community has several avenues for support.

View on GitHub

2. Starlette

Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit, which is ideal for building async web services in Python.

Requirements

Python 3.7+ (For Python 3.6 support, install version 0.19.1)

Installation

$ pip3 install starlette

You'll also want to install an ASGI server, such as uvicorn, daphne, or hypercorn.

$ pip3 install uvicorn

Example

example.py:

from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
from starlette.routing import Route


async def homepage(request):
    return JSONResponse({'hello': 'world'})

routes = [
    Route("/", endpoint=homepage)
]

app = Starlette(debug=True, routes=routes)

Then run the application using Uvicorn:

$ uvicorn example:app

For a more complete example, see encode/starlette-example.

View on GitHub

3. django-tastypie

Creating delicious APIs for Django apps since 2010.

Currently in beta but being used actively in production on several sites.

Requirements

Core

Python 3.6+, preferably 3.8+ (Whatever is supported by your version of Django)
Django 2.2, 3.2 (LTS releases) or Django 4.0 (latest release)
dateutil (http://labix.org/python-dateutil) >= 2.1

What's It Look Like?

A basic example looks like:

# myapp/api.py
# ============
from tastypie.resources import ModelResource
from myapp.models import Entry


class EntryResource(ModelResource):
    class Meta:
        queryset = Entry.objects.all()


# urls.py
# =======
from django.urls.conf import re_path, include
from tastypie.api import Api
from myapp.api import EntryResource

v1_api = Api(api_name='v1')
v1_api.register(EntryResource())

urlpatterns = [
    # The normal jazz here then...
    re_path(r'^api/', include(v1_api.urls)),
]

That gets you a fully working, read-write API for the Entry model that supports all CRUD operations in a RESTful way. JSON/XML/YAML support is already there, and it's easy to add related data/authentication/caching.

You can find more in the documentation at https://django-tastypie.readthedocs.io/.

View on GitHub

4. Eve

Eve is an open source Python REST API framework designed for human beings. It allows to effortlessly build and deploy highly customizable, fully featured RESTful Web Services. Eve offers native support for MongoDB, and SQL backends via community extensions.

Eve is Simple

from eve import Eve

app = Eve()
app.run()

The API is now live, ready to be consumed:

$ curl -i http://example.com/people
HTTP/1.1 200 OK

All you need to bring your API online is a database, a configuration file (defaults to settings.py) and a launch script. Overall, you will find that configuring and fine-tuning your API is a very simple process.

Check out the Eve Website

View on GitHub

5. webpy

web.py is a web framework for Python that is as simple as it is powerful.

Visit http://webpy.org/ for more information.

The latest stable release 0.62 only supports Python >= 3.5. To install it, please run:

# For Python 3
python3 -m pip install web.py==0.62

You can also download it from GitHub Releases page, then install it:

unzip webpy-0.62.zip
cd webpy-0.62/
python3 setup.py install

View on GitHub

6. Masonite

About Masonite

Stop using old frameworks with just a few confusing features. Masonite is the developer focused dev tool with all the features you need for the rapid development you deserve. Masonite is perfect for beginners getting their first web app deployed or advanced developers and businesses that need to reach for the full fleet of features available. A short list of the available features are:

Mail support for sending emails quickly.
Queue support to speed your application up by sending jobs to run on a queue or asynchronously.
Notifications for sending notifications to your users simply and effectively.
Task scheduling to run your jobs on a schedule (like everyday at midnight) so you can set and forget your tasks.
Events you can listen for to execute listeners that perform your tasks when certain events happen in your app.
A BEAUTIFUL Active Record style ORM called Masonite ORM. Amazingness at your fingertips.
Many more features you need which you can find in the docs!

Learning Masonite

New to Masonite? Read the Official Documentation. Masonite strives to have extremely clear documentation 😃. It would be wise to go through the tutorials there. If you find any discrepencies or anything that doesn't make sense, please open an issue and we will get it cleared up!

Have questions or want to talk? Be sure to join the Masonite Discord Community!

Getting Started Quickly

Create and activate a virtual environment and if you have a working Python 3.7+ installation then getting started is as quick as typing

pip install masonite
project start .
python craft serve

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Python's 5 Most Loved Web Framework Libraries

In this Python article, let's learn about Web Framework: Python's 5 Most Loved Web Framework Libraries

Sanic: Next generation Python web server/framework | Build fast. Run fast.
Bottle: bottle.py is a fast and simple micro-framework for python web-applications.
Flask App Builder: Simple and rapid application development framework, built on top of Flask.
Falcon: The no-magic web data plane API and microservices framework for Python developers, with a focus on reliability, correctness, and performance at scale.
Flask-RESTful: Simple framework for creating REST APIs

What is a Python Web Framework?

Python's 5 Most Loved Web Framework Libraries

1. Sanic

Sanic is a Python 3.7+ web server and web framework that's written to go fast. It allows the usage of the async/await syntax added in Python 3.5, which makes your code non-blocking and speedy.

Sanic is also ASGI compliant, so you can deploy it with an alternative ASGI webserver.

Source code on GitHub | Help and discussion board | User Guide | Chat on Discord

The project is maintained by the community, for the community. Contributions are welcome!

The goal of the project is to provide a simple way to get up and running a highly performant HTTP server that is easy to build, to expand, and ultimately to scale.

Installation

pip3 install sanic

Sanic makes use of uvloop and ujson to help with performance. If you do not want to use those packages, simply add an environmental variable SANIC_NO_UVLOOP=true or SANIC_NO_UJSON=true at install time.
$ export SANIC_NO_UVLOOP=true
$ export SANIC_NO_UJSON=true
$ pip3 install --no-binary :all: sanic

Note

If you are running on a clean install of Fedora 28 or above, please make sure you have the redhat-rpm-config package installed in case if you want to use sanic with ujson dependency.

Note

Windows support is currently "experimental" and on a best-effort basis. Multiple workers are also not currently supported on Windows (see Issue #1517), but setting workers=1 should launch the server successfully.

View on GitHub

2. Bottle

Bottle is a fast, simple and lightweight WSGI micro web-framework for Python. It is distributed as a single file module and has no dependencies other than the Python Standard Library.

Routing: Requests to function-call mapping with support for clean and dynamic URLs.
Templates: Fast and pythonic *built-in template engine* and support for mako, jinja2 and cheetah templates.
Utilities: Convenient access to form data, file uploads, cookies, headers and other HTTP-related metadata.
Server: Built-in HTTP development server and support for paste, fapws3, bjoern, Google App Engine, cherrypy or any other WSGI capable HTTP server.

Homepage and documentation: http://bottlepy.org

Example: "Hello World" in a bottle

from bottle import route, run, template

@route('/hello/<name>')
def index(name):
    return template('<b>Hello {{name}}</b>!', name=name)

run(host='localhost', port=8080)

Run this script or paste it into a Python console, then point your browser to http://localhost:8080/hello/world. That's it.

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3. Flask App Builder

Simple and rapid application development framework, built on top of Flask. includes detailed security, auto CRUD generation for your models, google charts and much more.

Extensive configuration of all functionality, easily integrate with normal Flask/Jinja2 development.

Documentation: Documentation
Mailing list: Google group
Chat: Gitter
Examples: examples

Checkout installation video on YouTube

Quick how to Demo from the docs (login has guest/welcome).

Change Log

Versions for further detail on what changed.

Fixes, Bugs and contributions

You're welcome to report bugs, propose new features, or even better contribute to this project.

Issues, bugs and new features

Contribute

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4. Falcon

Falcon is a minimalist ASGI/WSGI framework for building mission-critical REST APIs and microservices, with a focus on reliability, correctness, and performance at scale.

When it comes to building HTTP APIs, other frameworks weigh you down with tons of dependencies and unnecessary abstractions. Falcon cuts to the chase with a clean design that embraces HTTP and the REST architectural style.

Falcon apps work with any WSGI or ASGI server, and run like a champ under CPython 3.7+ and PyPy 3.7+.

Installation

PyPy

PyPy is the fastest way to run your Falcon app. PyPy3.7+ is supported as of PyPy v7.3.4+.

$ pip install falcon

Or, to install the latest beta or release candidate, if any:

$ pip install --pre falcon

CPython

Falcon also fully supports CPython 3.7+.

The latest stable version of Falcon can be installed directly from PyPI:

$ pip install falcon

Or, to install the latest beta or release candidate, if any:

$ pip install --pre falcon

In order to provide an extra speed boost, Falcon can compile itself with Cython. Wheels containing pre-compiled binaries are available from PyPI for several common platforms. However, if a wheel for your platform of choice is not available, you can install the source distribution. The installation process will automatically try to cythonize Falcon for your environment, falling back to a normal pure-Python install if any issues are encountered during the cythonization step:

$ pip install --no-binary :all: falcon

If you want to verify that Cython is being invoked, simply pass the verbose flag -v to pip in order to echo the compilation commands.

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5. Flask-RESTful

Flask-RESTful provides the building blocks for creating a great REST API.

User Guide

You'll find the user guide and all documentation here

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Web Framework: 6 Popular Python Web Framework Libraries

In this article, we will learn about Web Framework: 6 Popular Python Web Framework Libraries

Flask: The Python micro framework for building web applications.
Django: The Web framework for perfectionists with deadlines.
Werkzeug: The comprehensive WSGI web application library.
Django REST framework: Web APIs for Django
Tornado: Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed.
FastAPI: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production

what is web framework in python?

Web Framework: 6 Popular Python Web Framework Libraries

Flask

Flask is a lightweight WSGI web application framework. It is designed to make getting started quick and easy, with the ability to scale up to complex applications. It began as a simple wrapper around Werkzeug and Jinja and has become one of the most popular Python web application frameworks.

Flask offers suggestions, but doesn't enforce any dependencies or project layout. It is up to the developer to choose the tools and libraries they want to use. There are many extensions provided by the community that make adding new functionality easy.

Installing

Install and update using pip:

$ pip install -U Flask

A Simple Example

# save this as app.py
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    return "Hello, World!"

$ flask run
  * Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)

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2. Django

Django is a high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design. Thanks for checking it out.

All documentation is in the "docs" directory and online at https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/. If you're just getting started, here's how we recommend you read the docs:

First, read docs/intro/install.txt for instructions on installing Django.
Next, work through the tutorials in order (docs/intro/tutorial01.txt, docs/intro/tutorial02.txt, etc.).
If you want to set up an actual deployment server, read docs/howto/deployment/index.txt for instructions.
You'll probably want to read through the topical guides (in docs/topics) next; from there you can jump to the HOWTOs (in docs/howto) for specific problems, and check out the reference (docs/ref) for gory details.
See docs/README for instructions on building an HTML version of the docs.

Docs are updated rigorously. If you find any problems in the docs, or think they should be clarified in any way, please take 30 seconds to fill out a ticket here: https://code.djangoproject.com/newticket

To get more help:

Join the #django channel on irc.libera.chat. Lots of helpful people hang out there. See https://web.libera.chat if you're new to IRC.
Join the django-users mailing list, or read the archives, at https://groups.google.com/group/django-users.

To contribute to Django:

Check out https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/contributing/ for information about getting involved.

To run Django's test suite:

Follow the instructions in the "Unit tests" section of docs/internals/contributing/writing-code/unit-tests.txt, published online at https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/contributing/writing-code/unit-tests/#running-the-unit-tests

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3. Werkzeug

werkzeug German noun: "tool". Etymology: werk ("work"), zeug ("stuff")

Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. It began as a simple collection of various utilities for WSGI applications and has become one of the most advanced WSGI utility libraries.

Installing

Install and update using pip:

pip install -U Werkzeug

A Simple Example

from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response

@Request.application
def application(request):
    return Response('Hello, World!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
    run_simple('localhost', 4000, application)

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4. Django REST framework

Awesome web-browsable Web APIs.

Full documentation for the project is available at https://www.django-rest-framework.org/.

Overview

Django REST framework is a powerful and flexible toolkit for building Web APIs.

Some reasons you might want to use REST framework:

The Web browsable API is a huge usability win for your developers.
Authentication policies including optional packages for OAuth1a and OAuth2.
Serialization that supports both ORM and non-ORM data sources.
Customizable all the way down - just use regular function-based views if you don't need the more powerful features.
Extensive documentation, and great community support.

There is a live example API for testing purposes, available here.

Below: Screenshot from the browsable API

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5. Tornado

Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed. By using non-blocking network I/O, Tornado can scale to tens of thousands of open connections, making it ideal for long polling, WebSockets, and other applications that require a long-lived connection to each user.

Hello, world

Here is a simple "Hello, world" example web app for Tornado:

import asyncio

import tornado.web

class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write("Hello, world")

def make_app():
    return tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/", MainHandler),
    ])

async def main():
    app = make_app()
    app.listen(8888)
    await asyncio.Event().wait()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

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6. fastapi

FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production

FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints.

The key features are:

Fast: Very high performance, on par with NodeJS and Go (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). One of the fastest Python frameworks available.
Fast to code: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
Fewer bugs: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
Intuitive: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging.
Easy: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
Short: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
Robust: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
Standards-based: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema.

* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.

Installation

$ pip install fastapi

---> 100%

You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn.

$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"

---> 100%

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Thank you for following this article. thank you

Steward: A Flexible Server-side Web Framework for Dart

Steward

A helpful framework for building server-side experiences with Dart.

Full-fledged docs live here (WIP but still very useful at this point): https://pyrestudios.github.io/steward.

Steward features a command line interface for starting a new Steward project! Check it out!

Note: As of 0.0.2, Steward uses a config yml file that is generated by the CLI. If you choose to not use the CLI, you'll need to generate a matching config.yml file.

The best examples for how to use Steward are captured in the test folder. Eventually, we'll refactor this out into tests and examples separately, but for now, they live together :)

Using the Steward framework gives you the following (but not limited to) benefits:

A modular system with light Dependency Injection, Routing, Controllers, and more.
Automatic dependency injection into controllers when mounting into routers.
Easy HTTP request/response management.
Config parsing into the DI container at application boot.
Templating via the Mustache template specification.

Here's an example of how you can use Steward!

import 'package:steward/steward.dart';

// You can pull me out to a separate file, too ya know ;)
class SampleController extends Controller {
  @Injectable('UserService')
  late UserService userService;
  
  @Get('/version')
  version(_) => 'v1.0';

  @Get('/show')
  Response show(Request request) => view('main_template');
  
  @Get('/users')
  Response users => UserService.getUsers();
}

Future main() async {
  var router = Router();
  var container = CacheContainer();
  
  // Setup a DI binding for UserService
  container.bind('UserService', (_) => UserService());
  
  // Replace the default DI container implementation
  router.setContainer(container)
  
  // Mount the controller, parsing the annotations to build paths and injecting injectables
  router.mount(SimpleController);
  
  // Bare route handler example
  router.get('/hello', (_) {
    return Response.Ok('Hello World!');
  });
  
  // Plucking things out of the container example
  router.get('/config', (Request request) {
    print(request.container.make('@config.app.name'));
    return Response.Ok(request.container.make('@config.app.name'));
  });
  
  // Path Params example
  router.get('/:name', (Request request) {
    return Response.Ok(request.pathParams['name']);
  });
  
  var app = App(router: router);
  return app.start();
}

Use this package as an executable

Install it

You can install the package from the command line:

dart pub global activate steward

Use it

The package has the following executables:

$ steward

Use this package as a library

Depend on it

Run this command:

With Dart:

 $ dart pub add steward

This will add a line like this to your package's pubspec.yaml (and run an implicit dart pub get):

dependencies:
  steward: ^0.2.8

Alternatively, your editor might support dart pub get. Check the docs for your editor to learn more.

Import it

Now in your Dart code, you can use:

import 'package:steward/steward.dart';

example/main.dart

import 'package:steward/app/app.dart';
import 'package:steward/controllers/controller.dart';
import 'package:steward/controllers/route_utils.dart';
import 'package:steward/router/router.dart';

class SimpleController extends Controller {
  @Get('/show')
  Response show(Request request) {
    return Response.Ok('Hello from SimpleController@show');
  }
}

Future main() async {
  var router = Router();
  router.get('/hello', (Request request) async {
    return Response.Ok('Hello World!');
  });

  router.get('/config', (Request request) async {
    print(request.container);
    print(request.container.make('@config'));
    return Response.Ok(request.container.make('@config'));
  });

  router.mount(SimpleController);

  router.get('/:name', (Request request) async {
    return Response.Ok(request.pathParams['name']);
  });

  var app = App(router: router);

  return app.start();
}

Download Details:

Author: Pyrestudios
Source Code: https://github.com/pyrestudios/steward
License: MIT license

#flutter #dart #webframeworks

Steward: A Flexible Server-side Web Framework for Dart

Nigel Uys

1654109340

Tango: Package Tango Is A Micro & Pluggable Web Framework for Go

Tango

Package tango is a micro & pluggable web framework for Go.

Current version: v0.5.0 Version History

Getting Started

To install Tango:

go get github.com/lunny/tango

A classic usage of Tango below:

package main

import (
    "errors"
    "github.com/lunny/tango"
)

type Action struct {
    tango.JSON
}

func (Action) Get() interface{} {
    if true {
        return map[string]string{
            "say": "Hello tango!",
        }
    }
    return errors.New("something error")
}

func main() {
    t := tango.Classic()
    t.Get("/", new(Action))
    t.Run()
}

Then visit http://localhost:8000 on your browser. You will get

{"say":"Hello tango!"}

If you change true after if to false, then you will get

{"err":"something error"}

This code will automatically convert returned map or error to a json because we has an embedded struct tango.JSON.

Features

Powerful routing & Flexible routes combinations.
Directly integrate with existing services.
Easy to plugin features with modular design.
High performance dependency injection embedded.

Middlewares

Middlewares allow you easily plugin features for your Tango applications.

There are already many middlewares to simplify your work:

recovery - recover after panic
compress - Gzip & Deflate compression
static - Serves static files
logger - Log the request & inject Logger to action struct
param - get the router parameters
return - Handle the returned value smartlly
context - Inject context to action struct
session - Session manager, session-redis, session-nodb, session-ledis, session-ssdb
xsrf - Generates and validates csrf tokens
binding - Bind and validates forms
renders - Go template engine
dispatch - Multiple Application support on one server
tpongo2 - Pongo2 teamplte engine support
captcha - Captcha
events - Before and After
flash - Share data between requests
debug - show detail debug infomaton on log
basicauth - basicauth middleware
authz - manage permissions via ACL, RBAC, ABAC
cache - cache middleware - cache-memory, cache-file, cache-ledis, cache-nodb, cache-mysql, cache-postgres, cache-memcache, cache-redis
rbac - rbac control

Documentation

Manual, And you are welcome to contribue for the book by git PR to github.com/go-tango/manual-en-US
操作手册，您也可以访问 github.com/go-tango/manual-zh-CN为本手册进行贡献
API Reference

Discuss

Google Group - English
QQ Group - 简体中文 #369240307

Cases

GopherTC - China Discuss Forum
Wego - Discuss Forum
dbweb - DB management web UI
Godaily - github
Pugo - A pugo blog
Gos - Static web server
GoFtpd - Pure Go cross-platform ftp server

简体中文

Author: lunny
Source Code: https://github.com/lunny/tango
License: MIT license

#go #golang #middleware #webframeworks

Tango: Package Tango Is A Micro & Pluggable Web Framework for Go

Shree Kumar Pillai

1649244723

The Best Golang Frameworks for the Developer in 2022

Golang's popularity is rapidly growing as a result of its ability to build a robust web app.

This post contains a list of the best Go Web Frameworks for development in 2022.

https://multiqos.com/top-golang-web-frameworks-for-development-in-2022/

#golang #golangweb #golangframeworks #go #webframeworks #golangdev #golangdevelopment

The Best Golang Frameworks for the Developer in 2022

Leemarose Nadar

1597045511

Top 10 Web Frameworks Used By Developers In 2020

Web frameworks are a crucial part of software development that enable developers to build and create unique features for their web applications. It helps a developer to create applications in a faster and efficient manner.

#webframeworks

1 - Aero:

Installation

Benchmarks

Features

2 - Air:

Installation

Hello, 世界

Documentation

Gases

3 - Anoweb:

Install

Quickstart

4 - Appy:

Additional Notes

Quick Start

Step 1: Create the project folder with go module and git initialised.

Step 2: Create main.go with the snippet below.

Step 3: Initialize the project layout.

Step 4: Setup the databases using Docker Compose.

Step 5: Start developing your application locally.

5 - Banjo:

Install

Example Usage

6 - Beego:

Quick Start

Web Application

Create hello directory, cd hello directory

Init module

Download and install

Create file hello.go

Build and run

Go to http://localhost:8080

7 - Echo:

Feature Overview

Installation

Example

8 - Fiber:

⚡️ Quickstart

⚙️ Installation

👀 Examples

📖 Basic Routing

📖 Route Naming

9 - Fireball:

Overview

Installation

Getting Started

10 - Flamingo:

Related videos:

what is web framework in python?

Suggest 5 Python Web Framework Libraries You Must Know

1.Responder

Testimonials

More Examples

2. vibora

Server Features

Server Example

Client Example

3. Quart

Quickstart

4. Growler

Installation

Extras

5. Flama

Installation

Example

Related videos:

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what is web framework in python?

Explore Web Frameworks in Python with These 4 Popular Libraries

1. Pyramid

Support and Documentation

2. hug

3. Flask RestPlus

Compatibility

Installation

Quick start

4. Japronto!

Early preview

Hello world

Related videos:

Step 2: Create `main.go` with the snippet below.

Create `hello` directory, cd `hello` directory

Create file `hello.go`