Robot Operating System or more commonly referred to as ROS is an open-source, meta-operating system for your robot. A ROS system works on the concept of publisher and subscriber, a typical ROS system has many independent nodes which either gather information from other nodes or publish the information received by the external sources. For performing such tasks ROS has various features such as message passing, low_level device control, package management, and much more. ROS also has simulation tools to test your algorithm virtually in 2D or map your sensor inputs into a multidimensional visualizer.

Why ROS??

It is a painstaking task to master ROS but once you get familiar with the concept and the functionality offered by ROS, it gets very convenient to build complex systems that might not be possible by some other method.
Another reason why ROS might look very appealing is its flexibility, it is not necessary if your entire system is on a single computer. It is possible to have a raspberry pi on a robot, publishing some sensor data, a computer subscribing to it, and a tablet controlling the motion of the robot.

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