Introduction
A plethora of devices connected and sharing information is called the internet of things. These devices collect, send and receive data to applications, objects, and servers. They are used in various industries like automotive, industrial automation, medicine, security systems, and manufacturing.
There are various protocols and standards to connect. To decide a protocol, we need to consider the following aspects:
- bandwidth
- range
- power consumptions
- node of the protocols.
This article is aimed at understanding IoT standards and protocols offered by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
The following will give the protocol structure much better:
- IoT Data Link Protocol
- IEEE 802.15.4e
- IEEE 802.11 ah
- WirelessHART
- Z-Wave
- Bluetooth Low Energy
- Zigbee Smart Energy
- DASH7
- HomePlug
- G.9959
- LTE-A
- LoRaWAN
- Weightless
- DECT/ULE
- Network Layer
- Routing Protocols
- RPL
- CORPL
- CARP
- Encapsulation Protocols
- LoWPAN
- 6TiSCH
- 6Lo
- IPv6 over G.9959
- IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy
- Session Layer Protocols
- MQTT
- SMQTT
- AMQP
- CoAP
- XMPP
- DDS
- IoT Management Protocol
- Interconnection of Heterogeneous Datalink
- Smart Transducer Interface
- Security in IoT Protocols
- MAC 802.15.4
- 6LoWPAN
- RPL
- Application Layer
Background of IoT Protocol
In 1982, the first machine which can communicate, and track record was created. It was a soft drink vending machine from Coca-Cola. In 1999, an RFID technology researcher, Kelvin Ashton coined the term internet of things. In two decades from 2000-2019, the system had undergone rapid development and found many practical applications.
Since then, it has evolved as a different internet world, it requires a new range of standards and protocols. Although new standards are available some applications still use technology like HTTP.
Necessity of IoT Protocols
The following points will emphasize the necessity of these communication protocols and how they help us in overcoming issues:
- Can be used to call for help in case of emergency or failure of another device which is connected.
- Assist in notifying the user about the emergency.
- Economically profitable, as the end-user data can be used to analyse trends and market.
- Minimizes risks of security threats.
- Unification of all the IoT communications available worldwide.
- Heterogeneity within the connected systems.
Types of IoT Connections
The connections of the devices in IoT platform can be of following types:
- Device to Device (D2D)
- Device to Gateway
- Gateway to Data systems
- Between data systems
Let’s discuss in brief about each connection type of IoT.
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