Given a 2D matrix mat[][] of size N*M and Q queries of the form {x1, y1, x2, y2, K}. For each query, the task is to add the value K to submatrix from cell (x1, y1) to (x2, y2). Print the matrix after all the queries performed.
Examples:
Input:_ N = 3, M = 4, mat[][] = {{1, 0, 1, 2}, {0, 2, 4, 1}, {1, 2, 1, 0}}, Q = 1, Queries[][] = {{0, 0, 1, 1, 2}}_
Output:
3 2 1 2
2 4 4 1
1 2 1 0
Explanation:
There is only one query i.e., updating the submatrix from cell mat[0][0] to mat[1][1] by increment of 2, the matrix becomes:
3 2 1 2
2 4 4 1
1 2 1 0
Input:_ N = 2, M = 3, mat[][] = {{3, 2, 1}, {2, 4, 4}}, Q = 1, Queries[][] = { {0, 1, 1, 2, -1}, {0, 0, 1, 1, 5}}_
Output:
8 6 0
7 8 3
Explanation:
For query 1, i.e., updating the submatrix from cell mat[0][1] to mat[1][2] by increment of (-1), the matrix becomes:
3 1 0
2 3 3
For query 2, i.e., updating the submatrix from cell mat[0][0] to mat[2][2] by increment of 5, the matrix becomes:
8 6 0
7 8 3
Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.
Naive Approach: The simplest approach is to iterate over the submatrix and add K to all elements from mat[x1][y1] to mat[x2][y2] for each query. Print the matrix after the above operations.
Time Complexity:_ O(NMQ)_
Auxiliary Space:_ O(1)_
Efficient Approach: The idea is to use an auxiliary matrix to perform the update operations on the corners of the submatrix cells and then find the prefix sum of the matrix to get the resultant matrix. Below are the steps:
- Initialize all elements of the auxiliary matrix say aux[][] to 0.
- For each query {x1, y1, x2, y2, K} update the auxiliary matrix as:
- aux[x1][y1] += K
- if(x2 + 1 < N) then aux[x2 + 1][y1] -= K
- if(x2 + 1 < N && y2 + 1 < N) then aux[x2 + 1][y2 + 1] += K
- if(y2 + 1 < N) then aux[x1][y2 + 1] -= K
- Find the prefix sum of each row of the auxiliary matrix.
- Find the prefix sum of each column of the auxiliary matrix.
- Now, update the auxiliary matrix as sum of elements at each respective cell of the auxiliary and the given matrix.
- Print the auxiliary matrix after all the above operations.
Below is the illustration for how auxiliary matrix is created and updated for query[][] = {{0, 0, 1, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 2, 3, -1}}:
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++
// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
**using** **namespace** std;
#define N 3
#define M 4
// Query data type
**struct** query {
**int** x1, x2, y1, y2, K;
};
// Function to update the given query
**void** updateQuery(``**int** from_x, **int** from_y,
**int** to_x, **int** to_y,
**int** k, **int** aux[][M])
{
// Update top cell
aux[from_x][from_y] += k;
// Update bottom left cell
**if** (to_x + 1 < N)
aux[to_x + 1][from_y] -= k;
// Update bottom right cell
**if** (to_x + 1 < N && to_y + 1 < M)
aux[to_x + 1][to_y + 1] += k;
// Update top right cell
**if** (to_y + 1 < M)
aux[from_x][to_y + 1] -= k;
}
// Function that updates the matrix
// mat[][] by adding elements of aux[][]
**void** updateMatrix(``**int** mat[][M], **int** aux[][M])
{
// Compute the prefix sum of all columns
**for** (``**int** i = 0; i < N; i++) {
**for** (``**int** j = 1; j < M; j++) {
aux[i][j] += aux[i][j - 1];
}
}
// Compute the prefix sum of all rows
**for** (``**int** i = 0; i < M; i++) {
**for** (``**int** j = 1; j < N; j++) {
aux[j][i] += aux[j - 1][i];
}
}
// Get the final matrix by adding
// mat and aux matrix at each cell
**for** (``**int** i = 0; i < N; i++) {
**for** (``**int** j = 0; j < M; j++) {
mat[i][j] += aux[i][j];
}
}
}
// Function that prints matrix mat[]
**void** printMatrix(``**int** mat[][M])
{
// Traverse each row
**for** (``**int** i = 0; i < N; i++) {
// Traverse each columns
**for** (``**int** j = 0; j < M; j++) {
cout << mat[i][j] << " "``;
}
cout << "\n"``;
}
}
// Function that performs each query in
// the given matrix and print the updated
// matrix after each operation performed
**void** matrixQuery(``**int** mat[][M], **int** Q,
query q[])
{
// Initialize all elements to 0
**int** aux[N][M] = {};
// Update auxiliary matrix
// by traversing each query
**for** (``**int** i = 0; i < Q; i++) {
// Update Query
updateQuery(q[i].x1, q[i].x2,
q[i].y1, q[i].y2,
q[i].K, aux);
}
// Compute the final answer
updateMatrix(mat, aux);
// Print the updated matrix
printMatrix(mat);
}
// Driver Code
**int** main()
{
// Given Matrix
**int** mat[N][M] = { { 1, 0, 1, 2 },
{ 0, 2, 4, 1 },
{ 1, 2, 1, 0 } };
**int** Q = 1;
// Given Queries
query q[] = { { 0, 0, 1, 1, 2 } };
// Function Call
matrixQuery(mat, Q, q);
**return** 0;
}
Output:
3 2 1 2
2 4 4 1
1 2 1 0
Time Complexity:_ O(Q + N*M)_
Auxiliary Space:_ O(N*M)_
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#dynamic programming #greedy #mathematical #matrix #array-range-queries #prefix-sum #submatrix
