Vuex 4 isn’t terribly different from previous versions, but it is the only version compatible with Vue 3. See how to use them together.
Vuex is the preferred state management solution for Vue apps, and Vuex 4 is the version compatible with Vue 3. Let’s explore how to use Vuex 4 with Vue 3.
Installation
We can install Vuex with Vue 3 in a few ways, one of which is to use the script tag.
To use it, we can write:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vuex@4.0.0-beta.4/dist/vuex.global.js"></script>
<title>App</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="increment">increment</button>
<p>{{count}}</p>
</div>
<script>
const store = new Vuex.Store({
state: {
count: 0
},
mutations: {
increment(state) {
state.count++;
}
}
});
const app = Vue.createApp({
methods: {
increment() {
this.$store.commit("increment");
}
},
computed: {
count() {
return this.$store.state.count;
}
}
});
app.use(store);
app.mount("#app");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Above, we add the scripts for Vuex 4 and Vue, and then we can use the Vuex global object in our code.
To create a store, we call the Vuex.Store constructor with an object with the states and mutations that we want to add to create a basic store. States are properties that stores data in our Vuex store; they let us access the data from anywhere in our Vue 3 app. Mutations are functions that lets us modify states in the Vuex store.
Once we’ve created our store, we pass it into the Vue.createApp method to add the store to our app. The app.use(store); method call lets us use the store in our Vue 3 app.
Now that the store has been added, we can use the this.$store property to get the states and manipulate our store. The this.$store.commit method lets us commit the mutations to the store.
We commit the increment mutation in our store to update the count state. Therefore, when we click the increment button, the count Vuex state will be updated along with the count computed property.
Getters
To add store states into our app more easily, we can use getters. Getters are functions that returns a state, or states that have been operated on or combined with other values.
For example, we can add a getter by writing:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vuex@4.0.0-beta.4/dist/vuex.global.js"></script>
<title>App</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="increment">increment</button>
<p>{{doubleCount}}</p>
</div>
<script>
const store = new Vuex.Store({
state: {
count: 0
},
mutations: {
increment(state) {
state.count++;
}
},
getters: {
doubleCount: (state) => {
return state.count * 2;
}
}
});
const app = Vue.createApp({
methods: {
increment() {
this.$store.commit("increment");
}
},
computed: {
...Vuex.mapGetters(["doubleCount"])
}
});
app.use(store);
app.mount("#app");
</script>
</body>
</html>
We added the doubleCount getter, which returns the count state multiplied by two. Then, in the component, we call the Vuex.mapGetters method with the name of the getter to map it to a computed property. We also have it in the template so we can see its value.
If we want a method as a getter, we can return a function in our getter. For instance, we can write:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vuex@4.0.0-beta.4/dist/vuex.global.js"></script>
<title>App</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<div>
<p>{{getTodoById(1).text}}</p>
</div>
</div>
<script>
const store = new Vuex.Store({
state: {
todos: [
{ id: 1, text: "drink", done: true },
{ id: 2, text: "sleep", done: false }
]
},
getters: {
getTodoById: (state) => (id) => {
return state.todos.find((todo) => todo.id === id);
}
}
});
const app = Vue.createApp({
computed: {
...Vuex.mapGetters(["getTodoById"])
}
});
app.use(store);
app.mount("#app");
</script>
</body>
</html>
We have the todos Vuex store state, and we want to get an entry from it by its id property value. To do that, we have the getTodosById getter method, which returns a function. The function subsequently returns the entry from the state.todos array by calling find to get the value by its id value.
In the component, we call Vuex.mapGetters the same way to map the method to a computed property.Then we can call the function it returns to get the to-do item by its id value. Therefore, 'drink' should be displayed on the browser screen since this has id: 1.
Mutations
We’ve already seen a mutation in the previous examples; it’s just a method we can use to modify a state.
A mutation method can take a payload, which can be used to modify a state value. For example, we can write:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vuex@4.0.0-beta.4/dist/vuex.global.js"></script>
<title>App</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="increment">increment</button>
<p>{{count}}</p>
</div>
<script>
const store = new Vuex.Store({
state: {
count: 0
},
mutations: {
increment(state, n) {
state.count += n;
}
}
});
const app = Vue.createApp({
methods: {
increment() {
this.$store.commit("increment", 5);
}
},
computed: {
count() {
return this.$store.state.count;
}
}
});
app.use(store);
app.mount("#app");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Our increment mutation method has an n parameter that is used to increase the value of the count state. Then, we call the this.$store.commit method with a second argument to pass in the value to the increment method. n should now be 5, so the count Vuex state would be incremented by five.
Object style mutation commits
We can pass in an object to the this.$store.commit method. For example, we can write:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@next"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vuex@4.0.0-beta.4/dist/vuex.global.js"></script>
<title>App</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<button @click="increment">increment</button>
<p>{{count}}</p>
</div>
<script>
const store = new Vuex.Store({
state: {
count: 0
},
mutations: {
increment(state, { amount }) {
state.count += amount;
}
}
});
const app = Vue.createApp({
methods: {
increment() {
this.$store.commit({
type: "increment",
amount: 5
});
}
},
computed: {
count() {
return this.$store.state.count;
}
}
});
app.use(store);
app.mount("#app");
</script>
</body>
</html>
We called this.$store.commit with an object with the type and amount properties.
The type property is used to find the name of the mutation method to call. So, we’ll call the increment mutation method since that’s the value of type. The other properties will be passed in with the object that we pass as the second argument of the increment method.
So we get the amount property from the second parameter of increment and use that to update the Vuex store’s count state.
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