For web development or cross-platform development, JavaScript is gaining wide popularity. Once it was considered only as a front-end scripting language but it’s now getting popularity as the back-end too. Even Facebook’s React Native is based on JavaScript. Hence it would surely be beneficial to know some tricks in JavaScript which will not only prevent us from writing extra lines of code but will also make our code crisp and efficient.

Javascript is the most widely used language in fullstack development thanks to the boom in recent years in libraries and frameworks such as NodeJs (backend) and React/Angular/Vue (frontend). However, regardless of which one you use to develop, there are a number of tricks and tips common to all of them that will help you improve your experience as a Javascript developer. Therefore, in this article we have decided to compile those that we consider most useful for the day to day and that should always be present in the head in order to write clean code and with as few bugs as possible.

So as always, let’s get to it!

Declaration of variables

Whenever you declare a variable use var , let or const because otherwise what you will be creating will be a global variable and this can lead to errors such as overwriting variables (for example, that a third party library is using the same variable globally for another purpose and with your statement you are “stepping” on it).

It is also highly recommended to use let or const instead of var , as the declaration by let and const creates a variable with the scope limited to the syntactic block where it is being used. For example:

function example() {
    let a = 'foo';
    console.log(a);  // 'foo'
    if (true) {
        let a = 'bar';
        console.log(a); // 'bar'
    }
    console.log(a);  //  'foo'
}

On the other hand, if we used var what we would get :

function example(){
    var a = 'foo';
    console.log(a);  // 'foo'
    if (true) {
        var a = 'bar';
        console.log(a); // 'bar'
    }
    console.log(a);  // 'bar'
}

In addition, using let and const also prevents us from errors such as:

function example(){
 let a = 10;
 let a = 20; // Error Message: Uncaught SyntaxError: Identifier ‘a’ has already been declared.
 console.log(a);
}

As a final note, remember that const prevents the reassignment of variables once they were declared, so the following code would not be valid:

function example(){
    const a = 'foo';
    a = 'bar' // Error Message : Uncaught TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.
}

Comparing Variables

Whenever you compare variables use the triple equal === instead of the double == since the latter implies an automatic type conversion which can cause “situations” like the following meme:

Or unwanted results like:

3 == ‘3’ // true
3 === ‘3’ //false

This is because the triple equal === comparison is strict unlike the double equal which first tries to convert both elements to the same type:

[10] == 10   // is true
[10] === 10  // is false
'10' == 10   // is true
'10' === 10  // is false
[] == 0      // is true
[] === 0     // is false
'' == false  // is true
'' === false // is false

What is considered as false in Javascript?

It is always important to remember which values are considered as false in Javascript in order to make comparisons and debuggear our code. The values are: undefined , null , 0 , false , NaN and '' .

How to empty an array in JavaScript?

There is a very simple way to empty an array in Javascript:

let sampleArray = ['foo', 'bar', 'zeta'];
sampleArray.length = 0; // sampleArray becomes []

Rounding numbers in Javascript

Whenever we need to round a number to a certain number of decimals we can use the toFixed method provided by Javascript natively:

let n = 3.141592653;
n = n.toFixed(3); // computes n = "3.142"

Check if a result is finite

This is one of those tips that seem “useless” until suddenly one day you need it (especially in backend development). Imagine for example database queries whose result can be variable depending on some value so it is necessary to check if the result is “finite”. For this check Javascript gives us the isFinite method which will allow us to ensure that that value is valid before working with it:

isFinite(0/0);       // false
isFinite('foo');     // true
isFinite('10');      // true
isFinite(10);        // true
isFinite(undefined); // false
isFinite();          // false  
isFinite(null);      // true

Switch / Case

In those cases where there are many cases od “else if” it is advisable to use the switch / case declaration because the code is better organized and faster:

As it turns out, the switch statement is faster in most cases when compared to if-else , but significantly faster only when the number of conditions is large. The primary difference in performance between the two is that the incremental cost of an additional condition is larger for if-else than it is for switch .

Use use strict

In order to prevent situations as the declaration by mistake of global variables that we commented in the point one it is advisable to write to use the declaration use strict :

(function () {
   “use strict”;
   a = 'foo';
   // Error: Uncaught ReferenceError: a is not defined
})();

The difference between using use strict at the beginning of the file or somewhere else within the file is that in the first way we would be applying it globally, unlike the second whose range of action would be restricted to the scope where we have written it.

Use && and ||

When we need to declare variables in function of some certain condition it is convenient to remember the flexibility that gives us to create them using the operators && and || . For example:

let a = '' || 'foo'; // 'foo'
let b = undefined || 'foo'; // 'foo'
function doSomething () {
return { foo: 'bar' };
}
let expr = true;
let res = expr && doSomething(); // { foo: 'bar' }

Use spread/rest operator

Finally, the operator ... that came with ES6 allows us to write much cleaner code and simplifies the way in which we carry out different operations. For example, we can fill arrays as follows:

let first = ['foo', 'bar'];
let second = ['other foo', ...first, 'other bar'];
// ['other foo', 'foo', 'bar', 'other bar'

Work with immutable objects in a simpler way:

let first = { foo: 'foo' };
let zeta = { ...first, bar: 'bar' }; 
// { foo: 'foo', bar: 'bar' }

Or pick up the arguments of a function as follows:

function myFun(a, b, ...manyMoreArgs) {
  console.log(a); 
  console.log(b);
  console.log(manyMoreArgs); 
}
myFun('one', 'two', 'three', 'four');
// 'one'
// 'two'
// ['three', 'four']

That’s it 🤪! What are your favorite JavaScript tricks?

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