Rain Terraces is a brute force problem where you have to determine the amount of water that can be trapped in a series of terraces. Learn how to implement Rain Terraces in JavaScript.
Given an array of non-negative integers representing terraces in an elevation map where the width of each bar is 1, compute how much water it is able to trap after raining.
Example #1
Input: arr[] = [2, 0, 2]
Output: 2
Structure is like below:
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We can trap 2 units of water in the middle gap.
Example #2
Input: arr[] = [3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 4]
Output: 10
Structure is like below:
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We can trap "3*2 units" of water between 3 an 2,
"1 unit" on top of bar 2 and "3 units" between 2
and 4. See below diagram also.
Example #3
Input: arr[] = [0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1]
Output: 6
Structure is like below:
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Trap "1 unit" between first 1 and 2, "4 units" between
first 2 and 3 and "1 unit" between second last 1 and last 2.
An element of array can store water if there are higher bars on left and right. We can find amount of water to be stored in every element by finding the heights of bars on left and right sides. The idea is to compute amount of water that can be stored in every element of array. For example, consider the array [3, 0, 0, 2, 0, 4], We can trap "3*2 units" of water between 3 an 2, "1 unit" on top of bar 2 and "3 units" between 2 and 4. See below diagram also.
Intuition
For each element in the array, we find the maximum level of water it can trap after the rain, which is equal to the minimum of maximum height of bars on both the sides minus its own height.
Steps
Complexity Analysis
Time complexity: O(n^2). For each element of array, we iterate the left and right parts.
Auxiliary space complexity: O(1) extra space.
Intuition
In brute force, we iterate over the left and right parts again and again just to find the highest bar size up to that index. But, this could be stored. Voila, dynamic programming.
So we may pre-compute highest bar on left and right of every bar in O(n) time. Then use these pre-computed values to find the amount of water in every array element.
The concept is illustrated as shown:
Steps
Complexity Analysis
Time complexity: O(n). We store the maximum heights upto a point using 2 iterations of O(n) each. We finally update answer using the stored values in O(n).
Auxiliary space complexity: O(n) extra space. Additional space for left_max and right_max arrays than in Approach 1.
The Original Article can be found on https://github.com
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