Data Structure and Algorithms - Linear Search

In this data structure and algorithms tutorial, you will learn everything you need to know about the Linear Search.

Linear search is a sequential searching algorithm where we start from one end and check every element of the list until the desired element is found. It is the simplest searching algorithm.

How Linear Search Works?

The following steps are followed to search for an element k = 1 in the list below.

Array to be searched for

1. Start from the first element, compare k with each element x.
2. If x == k, return the index.

Element found

• Else, return not found.

Linear Search Algorithm

LinearSearch(array, key)
  for each item in the array
    if item == value
      return its index

Python, Java and C/C++ Examples

Python

# Linear Search in Python


def linearSearch(array, n, x):

    # Going through array sequencially
    for i in range(0, n):
        if (array[i] == x):
            return i
    return -1


array = [2, 4, 0, 1, 9]
x = 1
n = len(array)
result = linearSearch(array, n, x)
if(result == -1):
    print("Element not found")
else:
    print("Element found at index: ", result)

Java

// Linear Search in Java

class LinearSearch {
  public static int linearSearch(int array[], int x) {
  int n = array.length;

  // Going through array sequencially
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    if (array[i] == x)
    return i;
  }
  return -1;
  }

  public static void main(String args[]) {
  int array[] = { 2, 4, 0, 1, 9 };
  int x = 1;

  int result = linearSearch(array, x);

  if (result == -1)
    System.out.print("Element not found");
  else
    System.out.print("Element found at index: " + result);
  }
}

C programming

// Linear Search in C

#include <stdio.h>

int search(int array[], int n, int x) {
  
  // Going through array sequencially
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    if (array[i] == x)
      return i;
  return -1;
}

int main() {
  int array[] = {2, 4, 0, 1, 9};
  int x = 1;
  int n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

  int result = search(array, n, x);

  (result == -1) ? printf("Element not found") : printf("Element found at index: %d", result);
}

C++

// Linear Search in C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int search(int array[], int n, int x) {

  // Going through array sequencially
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    if (array[i] == x)
      return i;
  return -1;
}

int main() {
  int array[] = {2, 4, 0, 1, 9};
  int x = 1;
  int n = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);

  int result = search(array, n, x);

  (result == -1) ? cout << "Element not found" : cout << "Element found at index: " << result;
}

Linear Search Complexities

Time Complexity: O(n)

Space Complexity: O(1)

Linear Search Applications

1. For searching operations in smaller arrays (<100 items).

#datastructures #algorithms