When you just start out your programming journey, there are so many shiny tools and technologies to explore, you almost don’t know where to start. Fortunately, there are numerous guides on how to get into different fields such as web development, computer systems, data science, and much more. This article is not one of these guides.

In my spare time, I tutor beginner programmers. When I’m working with them, I notice that even though their programming knowledge is solid, they still suffer from a low-efficiency workflow. I introduced the following tips to my students, and each one immediately benefited from knowing and using them. Often times there was even a reactive “Whoa!” upon learning these tips.

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