SQL injection attacks are one of the most common web application security risks. In this step-by-step tutorial, you’ll learn how you can prevent Python SQL injection. You’ll learn how to compose SQL queries with parameters, as well as how to safely execute those queries in your database.

Every few years, the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) ranks the most critical web application security risks. Since the first report, injection risks have always been on top. Among all injection types, SQL injection is one of the most common attack vectors, and arguably the most dangerous. As Python is one of the most popular programming languages in the world, knowing how to protect against Python SQL injection is critical.

In this tutorial, you’re going to learn:

• What Python SQL injection is and how to prevent it
• How to compose queries with both literals and identifiers as parameters
• How to safely execute queries in a database

This tutorial is suited for users of all database engines. The examples here use PostgreSQL, but the results can be reproduced in other database management systems (such as SQLite, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, and so on).

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