MO’s Algorithm aka Square Root Decomposition, a very efficient and easy technique to solve **Range Query Problems (RQP). **For MO’s Algorithm to work, the RQP has to be offline. In this post, we will understand about RQP, Offline RPQ, Naive Approach to solve RQP and an Efficient Approach using MO’s Algorithm.

What is Range Query Problem?

You are given a sequence **_A _**of **_N _**values A₁, A₂, A₃, …, Aₙ. You also are given **_Q _**queries. In each query, you will be given two values l and r. Your task is to perform a function **_f(l, r) _**on the elements in the subsequence Aₗ, Aₗ₊₁, …, Aᵣ₋₁, Aᵣ

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