What is StaFi Protocol (FIS) | What is StaFi Protocol token | What is FIS token
Stafi (short for Staking Finance) is a DeFi protocol that aims to unlock liquidity of staked assets. STAFI Protocol solves the contradiction between the token liquidity and Mainnet security by issuing ABT tokens, which provides the liquidity of your Staking Assets. ABT token increases the staking rate to a higher level (100%, theoretically), and it could be tradable, its security is guided by STAFI Protocol which ensure ABT token is the only collateral that can apply to redeem staking asstes from original staking blockchain ( Tezos, Cosmos, Polkadot, etc,.)
Stafi Protocol
Stafi is a decentralized protocol that empowers liquidity. It encompasses 3 layers—bottom, contract and application layers. The bottom layer is mainly based on a blockchain system established by Substrate (which is a blockchain architecture developed by Parity, and the whole architecture integrates many development modules, including consensus module, P2P module, Staking module, etc.). The contract layer support creating a variety of Staking contracts, such as Staking contracts for XTZ, Atom and Dot respectively. The token holder can Stake through Staking Contract, which is consistent with the inflation incentives obtained by the ordinary Stake. But the difference is that The holder also can obtain rTokens. Last, the application layer supports third-party Stafi-based APIs or customized APIs to create a decentralized bondeds asset trading market for rTokens to circulate, transfer, and trade on the Stafi protocol.
The protocol runs in a purely decentralized manner. Stafi, which is built on Substrate, will be connected to Polkadot as a parallel chain, sharing the underlying consensus of Polkadot. The main security and performance are also guaranteed by Polkadot. The core layer is the contract level, and the ownership of the Stake token is fully guaranteed by the contract code. Stafi uses a distributed key storage protocol to ensure the security of the Stake address through multi-signatures. The holder can initiate Stake or redeem the Stake anytime and anywhere without the need for third party intervention. When the holder of the coin initiates the Stake token to the Stake contract, the system’s inflation incentives can be obtained regularly. Meanwhile, any holder of rTokens can initiate a redemption to the corresponding Stake contract anytime, anywhere (The redemption operation interacts with the original chain through the Stafi protocol. After the redeeming transaction is written to the chain, Stake coins will be sent to the submitted coin account after unlocked.) The Stafi protocol guarantees that each and every alternative rToken is exclusively correspond to the token on the original chain. That is to say, only the holder of the rTokens can initiate the redemption of the original token to the Stake contract. When A trades rTokens to B, A no longer has the redemption right to those tokens, and B now can initiate redemption to the Staking contract. The whole process does not require third party intervention.
Any third party can establish a decentralized bonded assets exchange using the Stafi protocol to at the application layer. All rToken exchanges share the depth of the transaction. With the increasing number of public chains adopting PoS launching their mainnets, the number and variety of Stake’s tokens will rocket. And rTokens will traded more frequently. As a result, developers will be hugely rewarded, in the form of transaction fee, from rToken transactions they initiated.
Implementation
1. Staking Contract
The contract that creates the interaction with the Stake original chain at the Stafi contract level is called Staking Contract (referred to as SC). For example, to create a XTZ-SC for connecting Tezos with Stafi. When user A holding XTZ initiates a Stake operation on XTZ-SC, the Staking Contract will first create a multi-signature address, and he will transfer XTZ through the Tezos original chain to that address.When the transfer succeeds, the contract will execute the Staking operation of the multi-sign address. If succeed, the tokens will be locked to the original chain. Then, the Stafi protocol will receive a proof of the Tezos original chain (Proofs), and then trigger the contract to generate rXTZs of equal quantities to XTZ and send them to the staker.
The update of the Staking Contract requires the original chain and the Stafi protocol to work together, for the contract status of each chain needs to be monitored, the implementation of the Staking contract shares many similarities with the cross-chain mechanism. When the holder initiates a Staking request at the Staking Contract, the generation of the multi-sign account occurs on the Stafi protocol. At the same time, the transfer of the personal asset to the multi-sign address is completed by the Stake user’_s signature. This transfer occurs on the original chain. When the Contract captures the transfer information, a Stake request is initiated from the multi-sign address to the original chain. After the Staking is completed on the original chain, Stafi captures the Stake state of the address on the original chain and verifies it,and the corresponding rTokens are issued on the Stafi protocol immediately after the validation succeeds. Throughout the process, the Stafi protocol interacts with the original chain multiple times. The monitoring and capturing of the state plays an important role in the security of the entire protocol. The Stafi protocol captures the original state by time delay and multi-pass validation to ensure the final authenticity of the original chain. Fortunately, better than pre-existing inter-chain protocols and PoW consensus, most PoS projects launched after later 2015 see the final authenticity of block transactions as a demand that must be met. That is, when the latest height is formed, the transactions included are deterministic. At present, the common solution for the final authenticity or timely deterministic implementation is to verify the legality of the transaction before packaging the transaction to a new height. This implementation relies on the Byzantine fault-tolerant(BFT) algorithm and some artificially specified fork penalty mechanism, Slash. In view of this, the Stafi protocol has greatly improved security when interacting with the original PoS consensus chain.
2. Multi-signature Adresses
At present, almost all Stake models rely on the Account model—when the user initiates Staking, they need a private key of the original chain address to sign. In order to ensure the exclusive correspondence between the ownership of the Stake asset and rTokens, Stafi designed an intermediate address model. The ownership of assets in that address does not belong to anyone, meaning that no one can own the private key of this address. Stafi guarantees asset neutrality of intermediate addresses through secure multi-party computing technology and threshold multi-signing technology, ensuring that signatures are only performed when the holder of rTokens initiates a redemption. Secure multi-party computing involves privacy, which requires a group of certifiers with special functions in Stafi to participate. A certain number of validators, who are called Stafi Special Validator (SSV) are signed by their own private keys and transmitted through a secure channel to verify the validity of the signature, and, finally, realize the restoration of intermediate address signature. This intermediate address does not have a private key, nor is stored on the Stafi protocol. It is formed by the signature of the private certificate of the special authenticator only when the signature is required. The implementation of threshold multi-signing technology realizes that part, not all, of generators can generate the private key signature, which can greatly satisfy the need for the signature. For example, a multi-sign address establishes contact through a public key of multiple validators (say 21). When a person holding rTokens needs to initiate a redemption, only 16 signatures of 21 verifying servers are required to verify Staking and Unstake for Stake Assets.
3. Secure Multi-Party Computation
Secure multi-party computation mainly focuses on how to safely calculate a predefined function without the existence of untrusted third parties, addressing a problematic reality that a result reliant on multi-party data calculation where those parties are not willing to share the original data. With secure multi-party computation, the final result can be verified without revealing the initial input value to another third party. In Stafi’s Staking contract, the user who stakes must generate a new multi-signal address. When the holder of the rToken initiates a redemption to the Stake Contract, the multi-signature address needs to create a private key signature with the involvement of special validators during calculation and generation. The validators transmit the calculation results through the encrypted channel, and they can mutually verify the results without the need to reveal their own private key. It is secured way of unlocking and redeeming the Staking Contract.
4. Ownership Transfer
When the Staking operation is completed, the redemption right of XTZ on the multi-sign address is in the hands of the holder of rXTZ. Only the holder of rXTZ has the right to redeem the XTZ-SC, other holders entitled no redemption rights. If user A traded XTZ to user B, then user A loses the redemption right to the original chain XTZ, and the mapping relationship between the XTZ and the user A address of the multi-signed address in the contract is also given to that with B. User B can initiate redemption according to his or her own wishes, or trade rTokens to other people. In this process, the multi-sign address completes multiple rounds of ownership of the original chain XTZ through the signature of special validators on Stafi who are different to that in Polkadot world—it does not requires block-producing consensus. The requirements come in only when generating the address and the changes of ownership.When user A trades the rTokens to user B, special validators (SSVs) need to conduct the signature and complete the conversion of the original Stake XTZ.
5. Stafi Special Validator (SSV)
Different from Stafi Validator (SV), a SSV is the witness of the asset ownership in the Stafi Stake contract. When the eligible holder initiates redemption to the contract, the special validator will participate in the calculation and complete the transfer of the asset from the multi-sign address to the personal address by signing. When no redemption operation occurs, the special validator stores its own private key locally, waiting to be called. A special validator is composed of multiple people picked randomly. Before the multi-signature address is formed, Stafi will select N SSVs from SVs through a random algorithm. N SSVs will be chosen by Stafi randomly to perform the calculation locally and transmit the results through a secret channel. After validation, the participation rights are obtained and stored locally on the servers respectively. The entire process is automated by the system.
At the same time, each SSV will be required to run the light node of the projects supported by Stake Contract, in order to verify the original chain trading status. This program is written to the entire special validator client and the validation is performed automatically.
6. SSV Group
In order to ensure the smoothness of the redemption channel, special certifiers in Stafi perform tasks in groups with a fixed shift. During their own shift, a single certifier group completes the multi-signal address generation and storage of the secret key, and after the execution cycle is completed, replaced by another new group. This ensures the engagement of the current verifier. One term of validators lasts an Era (1 Era is about 24hours). The election for the next group is done in the previous Era. Stafi selects new SSVs from SV candidates by block-producing rate, Staking ratio, etc,. And the new SSVs will replace the old SSVs’ private key with their own ones. Meanwhile, the system will destroy the relationship established with the old SSVs’ private key. However, frequent turnover will affect computational efficiency. When Stafi officially lands, it will select a reasonable replacement cycle balancing safety and efficiency.
7. System of Encouragements and Penalities for Special-Validators
Due to the importance of special verifiers, Stafi has established a system of encouragements and penalties for them, stimulating positive behaviors such as calculations and storage, and punishing negative behaviors such as disconnections and non-timely replacements. Stipulated by Stafi protocol, participation in the generation of addresses, computing, and signatures will be rewarded Stafi’s token–FIS incentives. On the other hand, Stafi’s penalties for security issues are severe. Stafi will require all certifiers involved in computing and storage to maintain designated online time. If the certifier is frequently dropped out, it will be slashed. If the dropping time is longer than N hours, the certifier will be Jailed and will not be able to participate in any computing and storage of the special certifier group for a period of time. In addition, the system will severely punish attacks that attempt to recover private keys and steal other people’s assets based on provable data on the chain.
8. Staking Mechanism for Special-Validators
Anyone holding Stafi tokens can apply to become a special certifier of Stafi. A special certifier needs to stake FIS Token. The smuggled FIS Token is proportional to the amount of Stake that can be accepted, that is, the more FISs that are staked, the greater the value of Stake asset calculation and storage. This can effectively increase the cost of joint malicious behaviors conducted by special certifiers. The FISs that are staked will be motivated by the system, and at the same time, is also the pool of funds for system punishment. Due to the speciality of Stafi system, the requirements for the special verifier are strict, and the nodes in the early days after launch will be opened gradually to engage validators.
9. Staking Contract Security
The asset security of a Staking Contract is guaranteed in many ways. First, the asset neutrality, Staking assets will be locked to the original chain, and their mapping relationship will be recorded in the Staking Contract. Multi-signature address is guaranteed by the N SSVs through the threshold multi-signal sharing technology. So the SC is not subject to any single third party control. Second, the multi-signature address uses the asset mechanism. The special verifier is selected by the Stafi random algorithm. The verifiers do not know each other, the possibility of collusion becomes small, and the asset protection will be dynamically replaced within a certain period to ensure security. . The third is punitive. When the certifier participates in the private key signature calculation and storage, it needs to stake a certain FIS to participate. In the event of an attack or illegal behavior, the staked FIS will be Slashed, the value of the stake and can be processed. The value of the assets is directly proportional. When a variety of conditions are combined, the Stafi system can effectively punish certain risk factors. Under the assumption that most people are honest, the assets of the Staking contract can guarantee certain security.
10. Decentralization of Staking Contract Assets
When a holder initiates Staking through the Staking Contract, all Staking assets relationship will be concentrated in one contract. Although each Staking is initiated by a single address, it will not affect the degree of decentralization, but when the Staking assets are too concentrated, they are more easily attacked. Stafi avoids the concentration of assets by establishing several Staking Contracts of the same kind for one token. The total amount of the contract will automatically increase according to the amount of Staking assets, and the new assets will enter the new Staking contract. At the same time, Stafi will establish multiple Staking Contracts at the primary stage. The Stafi system will equally distribute the initial Stake demand evenly among these Stake contracts, which will serve as a buffer. As the demand of Stake increases, the number of contracts will gradually be increased and differentiated by variables.
At the same time, Stafi is a decentralized open protocol. The Staking Contracts developed by initial developers will be audited and open sourced for third parties, which can create their own Staking Contracts to achieve the decentralization of Staking assets.
11. Sequence Diagram
The staking process is as follows. The user interacts with the SC first, and then the SC interacts with the original chain. During the period, in order to make the user’s operation simple enough, SC needs to bear the responsibility of interacting with the original chain for multiple times. It is important that SC needs to verify the success of staking before distributing rTokens to users. The following sequence diagram shows the overall process of issuing rTokens.
Users can redeem the assets on the original chain by rTokens they hold at any time. The modification of the relationship of the SC requires the signature of the SSV, because the record relationship of the asset is on the SC. When the user initiates the redemption, SC triggers the signature request. After SSVs execute the signature, SC interacts with the original chain and submits the Unbond/Unstake request. Then, SSV verifies the detrusting evidence on the original chain. When the evidence is true, the rTokens used to submit the request will be destroyed.
How and Where to Buy StaFi Protocol (FIS)?
FIS has been listed on a number of crypto exchanges, unlike other main cryptocurrencies, it cannot be directly purchased with fiats money. However, You can still easily buy this coin by first buying Bitcoin, ETH, USDT from any large exchanges and then transfer to the exchange that offers to trade this coin, in this guide article we will walk you through in detail the steps to buy FIS
You will have to first buy one of the major cryptocurrencies, usually either Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT)…
We will use Binance Exchange here as it is one of the largest crypto exchanges that accept fiat deposits.
Binance is a popular cryptocurrency exchange which was started in China but then moved their headquarters to the crypto-friendly Island of Malta in the EU. Binance is popular for its crypto to crypto exchange services. Binance exploded onto the scene in the mania of 2017 and has since gone on to become the top crypto exchange in the world.
Once you finished the KYC process. You will be asked to add a payment method. Here you can either choose to provide a credit/debit card or use a bank transfer, and buy one of the major cryptocurrencies, usually either Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT)
Step by Step Guide : What is Binance | How to Create an account on Binance (Updated 2021)
After the deposit is confirmed you may then purchase FIS from the Binance exchange.
Exchange: The top exchanges for trading in Stafi are currently Binance, Huobi Global, Hoo, Bilaxy, and Gate.io
Apart from the exchange(s) above, there are a few popular crypto exchanges where they have decent daily trading volumes and a huge user base. This will ensure you will be able to sell your coins at any time and the fees will usually be lower. It is suggested that you also register on these exchanges since once FIS gets listed there it will attract a large amount of trading volumes from the users there, that means you will be having some great trading opportunities!
Top exchanges for token-coin trading. Follow instructions and make unlimited money
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Find more information FIS
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